ArticleTwin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies2015
The Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study of Reading Difficulties and ADHD: Etiologies of Comorbidity and Stability.
Article in Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trajectories of Response to Treatments in Children with ADHD and Word Reading Difficulties.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Trial
- Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities of children and adolescents with specific learning disorders: associations with gender and educational level.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological and Academic Performance in Colombian Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Study with a Control Group.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Thalamus is a common locus of reading, arithmetic, and IQ: Analysis of local intrinsic functional properties.Brain and language · 2020Article
- The contribution of common genetic risk variants for ADHD to a general factor of childhood psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- A Meta-Analytical Review of the Genetic and Environmental Correlations between Reading and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Reading and Math.Scientific studies of reading : the official journal of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading · 2020Article
- Comorbidity of reading disabilities and ADHD: Structural and functional brain characteristics.Human brain mapping · 2019Article
- Understanding Comorbidity Between Specific Learning Disabilities.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2019Review
- Assessing the evidence for shared genetic risks across psychiatric disorders and traits.Psychological medicine · 2018Review
- Genetic association study of dyslexia and ADHD candidate genes in a Spanish cohort: Implications of comorbid samples.PloS one · 2018Article
- Recognizing Psychiatric Comorbidity With Reading Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Review
- Genetic Etiologies of Comorbidity and Stability for Reading Difficulties and ADHD: A Replication Study.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2016Article
- Fluid reasoning and reading difficulties among children with ADHD.Applied neuropsychology. ChildArticle
- Do school students with specific learning disabilities have lower emotional intelligence abilities? A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Journal of postgraduate medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 60% of children with reading difficulties (RD) meet criteria for at least one co-occurring disorder. The most common of these, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), occurs in 20-40% of individuals with RD. Recent studies have suggested that genetic influences are responsible. To assess the genetic etiologies of RD and the comorbidity of RD and two ADHD symptom dimensions -- inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) -- we are conducting the first longitudinal twin study of RD and ADHD. Data from twin pairs in which at least one member of the pair met criteria for proband status for RD at initial assessment, and were reassessed 5 years later, were subjected to DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis. Analyses of reading composite data indicated that over 60% of the proband deficit at initial assessment was due to genetic influences, and that reading deficits at follow-up were due substantially to the same genetic influences. When a bivariate DF model was fitted to reading performance and IN data, genetic influences accounted for 60% of contemporaneous comorbidity and over 60% of the longitudinal relationship. In contrast, analysis of the comorbidity between reading performance and H/I indicated that common genetic influences accounted for only about 20% of the contemporaneous and about 10% of the longitudinal relationships. Results indicate that (1) genetic influences on RD are substantial and highly stable; (2) the comorbidity between RD and IN is due largely to genetic influences, both contemporaneously and longitudinally; and (3) genetic influences contribute significantly less to the comorbidity between RD and H/I.
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