Trial reportNeurology2015
Raloxifene for women with Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial.
Trial report in Neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Use of Anxiety Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Dementia Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Semantic Memory in the Clinical Progression of Alzheimer Disease.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2017Trial
- Selective oestrogen receptor modulators and Alzheimer´s disease: a real-world pharmacovigilance study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- DeepDrug as an expert guided and AI driven drug repurposing methodology for selecting the lead combination of drugs for Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Estradiol enhanced neuronal plasticity and ameliorated astrogliosis in human iPSC-derived neural models.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Breast cancer therapies reduce risk of Alzheimer's disease and promote estrogenic pathways and action in brain.iScience · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective Potential of Raloxifene via G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptors in Aβ-Oligomer-Induced Neuronal Injury.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Insights of In Silico Candidate Repurposed Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Technical Review of Clinical Outcomes Assessments Across the Continuum of Alzheimer's Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Strategies for Treatment of Disease-Associated Dementia Beyond Alzheimer's Disease: An Update.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2022Article
- A Lifecourse Perspective on Female Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Later Life Cognition.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2021Review
- Raloxifene is a Female-specific Proteostasis Therapeutic in the Spinal Cord.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Folding Mitochondrial-Mediated Cytosolic Proteostasis Into the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Utilization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-DerivedFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Raloxifene as Treatment for Various Types of Brain Injuries and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Good Start.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Hyperphosphorylated tau aggregation and cytotoxicity modulators screen identified prescription drugs linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive functions.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, improves cognitive function compared with placebo in women with Alzheimer disease (AD) and to provide an estimate of cognitive effect.
methodsThis pilot study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, with a planned treatment of 12 months. Women with late-onset AD of mild to moderate severity were randomly allocated to high-dose (120 mg) oral raloxifene or identical placebo provided once daily. The primary outcome compared between treatment groups at 12 months was change in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog).
resultsForty-two women randomized to raloxifene or placebo were included in intent-to-treat analyses (mean age 76 years, range 68-84), and 39 women contributed 12-month outcomes. ADAS-cog change scores at 12 months did not differ significantly between treatment groups (standardized difference 0.03, 95% confidence interval -0.39 to 0.44, 2-tailed p = 0.89). Raloxifene and placebo groups did not differ significantly on secondary analyses of dementia rating, activities of daily living, behavior, or a global cognition composite score. Caregiver burden and caregiver distress were similar in both groups.
conclusionsResults on the primary outcome showed no cognitive benefits in the raloxifene-treated group. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that for women with AD, raloxifene does not have a significant cognitive effect. The study lacked the precision to exclude a small effect.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.