ArticleIEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference record. Nuclear Science Symposium2011
Development of a 4D Digital Phantom for Tracer Kinetic Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Perfusion PET and SPECT Simulation Studies.
Article in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference record. Nuclear Science Symposium, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The goal is to develop a 4D digital perfusion cardiac-torso (PCAT) phantom, a tracer kinetic extension of the XCAT phantom, by modeling the time activity curves (TACs) of individual organ regions in the phantom for dynamic perfusion PET and SPECT simulation studies. The PCAT phantom is based on a generalized compartmental model, which accepts the blood input function, multiple series or parallel compartments, the bidirectional rate constants between the compartments, the blood volume in the tissue, the extraction curves, and other properties of a specific tracer. Based on the kinetic differential equations of the compartmental model, the TACs of the targeted organ regions were determined. For a specific time point, a voxelized anatomical realistic phantom, which with or without the cardiac and respiratory motions, was generated and the activity concentrations in the organ regions were assigned according to the corresponding TACs. According to the dynamic scanning protocol, multiple phantoms at different acquisition time points, which could have uniform or non-uniform time intervals, were generated. When combining the dynamic phantoms with realistic projection simulator, realistic dynamic projection data could be generated by easily adopting to various scanning protocols and imaging systems. With the availability of the "known truth", the activity map of the targeted organ regions, the TACs, the estimated rate constants and other kinetic parameters, from the projection data and the reconstructed images could be quantitatively evaluated. We demonstrate the usefulness of the 4D PCAT phantom in initial simulation studies in dynamic myocardial perfusion PET imaging with different tracers. The PCAT phantom was found to be an important bridge between the creation of TACs and the generation of simulated projection data. It is a useful simulation tool to study different kinetic analysis methods, acquisition protocols, reconstruction methods, and imaging parameter settings.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.