ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
Clear Links Between Starting Methamphetamine and Increasing Sexual Risk Behavior: A Cohort Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Running with Scissors: a Systematic Review of Substance Use and the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Sexual Minority Men.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- The association between methamphetamine use and number of sexual partners in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Getting to yes: Pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of motivational enhancement interventions targeting preexposure prophylaxis use in sexual minority men who use stimulants.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Daily Text Messaging to Support Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Stimulant-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men.Substance use & misuse · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Self-initiated continuation of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) after PrEP demonstration project roll-off in men who have sex with men: associations with risky decision making, impulsivity/disinhibition, and sensation seeking.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Trial
- Predictors of Long-Term HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence After Study Participation in Men Who Have Sex With Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Cost effectiveness of text messages to reduce methamphetamine use and HIV sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Theory-Based Text-Messaging to Reduce Methamphetamine Use and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Automated Unidirectional Delivery Outperforms Bidirectional Peer Interactive Delivery.AIDS and behavior · 2019Trial
- High Motivation but Low Access to PrEP: Social Determinants Undermine HIV Prevention Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Who Use Methamphetamine.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine Use in People Living with HIV: Clinical, Neurocognitive, and Blood Biomarker Profiles.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Childhood Sexual Abuse Moderates the Long-Term Effect of an HIV Prevention Intervention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Crystal Methamphetamine Use Disorder.Annals of LGBTQ public and population health · 2025Article
- The American Transformative HIV Study: Protocol for a US National Cohort of Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals With HIV.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- HIV incidence and recreational drug use among men who have sex with men aged 18-24 years in Tianjin, China: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Supporting treatment adherence for resilience and thriving (START): protocol for a mHealth randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Missed Opportunity or Cause for Concern? Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Greater Interest in Event-Driven PrEP Among Sexual Minority Men.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2024Article
- Factors associated with PrEP-era HIV seroconversion in a 4-year U.S. national cohort of n = 6059 sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men, 2017-2022.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- HIV-Related Stigma and Treatment Adherence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Crystal Meth in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Changes in Adherence and Viral Load Suppression Among People with HIV in Manila: Outcomes of the Philippines Connect for Life Study.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Real-World Implementation Challenges Associated with a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis from Two Studies of Men Who Have Sex With Men.Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · 2024Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with high-risk behavior or if methamphetamine use causes high-risk behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine.
methodsWe performed a cohort study to analyze recent self-reported methamphetamine use and sexual risk behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual risk behavior was evaluated using a previously published risk behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts risk of HIV acquisition.
resultsMethamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly higher in the 754 MSM with recent-meth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P < 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P < 0.001, respectively].
conclusionsGiven the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual risk behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.