ReviewAdvances in mind-body medicine2015
School-based Yoga Programs in the United States: A Survey.
Review in Advances in mind-body medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Yoga and Tai chi: a cross-cultural comparative study of health benefits, cultural sustainability, and global public health implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Mind-Body Physical Activity Interventions and Stress-Related Physiological Markers in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Mindfulness meditation modulates stress-eating and its neural correlates.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effect of Yoga and Mindfulness Intervention on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young Adolescents Attending Middle School: A Pragmatic Community-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in a Racially Diverse Urban Setting.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of Yoga for Preventing Adolescent Substance Use Risk Factors in a Middle School Setting: A Preliminary Group-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2017Trial
- Mindfulness training decreases the habituation response to persistent food stimulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Semester of Hatha Yoga Has Comparable Effects to Physical Education for Children in Terms of Physical Activity and Psychosocial Indicators.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Promoting mental health and wellbeing in schools: the impact of yoga on young people's relaxation and stress levels.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- A school-based health and mindfulness curriculum improves children's objectively measured sleep: a prospective observational cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Observational
- Scoping Review of Yoga in Schools: Mental Health and Cognitive Outcomes in Both Neurotypical and Neurodiverse Youth Populations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- "I Just Find It Easier to Let Go of Anger": Reflections on the Ways in Which Yoga Influences How Young People Manage Their Emotions.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Yoga in Rural and Urban India, KAPY 2017: A Nationwide Cluster Sample Survey.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Meta-Review on the Effectiveness of Classroom-Based Psychological Interventions Aimed at Improving Student Mental Health and Well-Being, and Preventing Mental Illness.The journal of primary prevention · 2019Review
- Integrating Pediatric Hypnosis with Complementary Modalities: Clinical Perspectives on Personalized Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Effect of mindfulness and yoga on quality of life for elementary school students and teachers: results of a randomized controlled school-based study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2018Article
- A Qualitative Examination of Yoga for Middle School Adolescents.Advances in school mental health promotion · 2017Article
- Scanning the Global Literature.Global advances in health and medicine · 2016Article
- Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Yoga Program on Convicted Extremist Offenders.International journal of yogaArticle
- Evidence-based Review of Yoga Interventions for Adolescent Health and Well-being in US Schools.International journal of yogaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextSubstantial interest has begun to emerge around the implementation of yoga interventions in schools. Researchers have found that yoga practices may enhance skills such as self-regulation and prosocial behavior, and lead to improvements in students' performance. These researchers, therefore, have proposed that contemplative practices have the potential to play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of US public education.
objectiveThe purpose of the present study was to provide a summary and comparison of school-based yoga programs in the United States.
designOnline, listserv, and database searches were conducted to identify programs, and information was collected regarding each program's scope of work, curriculum characteristics, teacher-certification and training requirements, implementation models, modes of operation, and geographical regions.
settingThe online, listserv, and database searches took place in Boston, MA, USA, and New Haven, CT, USA.
resultsThirty-six programs were identified that offer yoga in more than 940 schools across the United States, and more than 5400 instructors have been trained by these programs to offer yoga in educational settings. Despite some variability in the exact mode of implementation, training requirements, locations served, and grades covered, the majority of the programs share a common goal of teaching 4 basic elements of yoga: (1) physical postures, (2) breathing exercises, (3) relaxation techniques, and (4) mindfulness and meditation practices. The programs also teach a variety of additional educational, social-emotional, and didactic techniques to enhance students' mental and physical health and behavior.
conclusionsThe fact that the present study was able to find a relatively large number of formal, school-based yoga programs currently being implemented in the United States suggests that the programs may be acceptable and feasible to implement. The results also suggest that the popularity of school-based yoga programs may continue to grow.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26535474PMC4831047What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.