ReviewGenes, brain, and behavior2016
Developmental emergence of fear/threat learning: neurobiology, associations and timing.
Review in Genes, brain, and behavior, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The effects of acid-sensing ion channel-1A on conditioned fear memory are age-dependent.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Early-life pain alters excitability of corticotropin-releasing factor-expressing neurons in the central amygdala and stress-induced hypersensitivity during adolescence.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Modeling heritability of temperamental differences, stress reactivity, and risk for anxiety and depression: Relevance to research domain criteria (RDoC).The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
- A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Effects of Early Life Stress on the Developing Basolateral Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Circuit: The Emerging Role of Local Inhibition and Perineuronal Nets.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Tinbergen's challenge for the neuroscience of behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Infant Trauma Alters Social Buffering of Threat Learning: Emerging Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Preadolescence.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Developmental transitions in amygdala PKC isoforms and AMPA receptor expression associated with threat memory in infant rats.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Mapping of pain circuitry in early post-natal development using manganese-enhanced MRI in rats.Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Updating of aversive memories after temporal error detection is differentially modulated by mTOR across development.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Epigenetic and Neural Circuitry Landscape of Psychotherapeutic Interventions.Psychiatry journal · 2017Review
- The Development of Nociceptive Network Activity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Freely Moving Rat Pups.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2016Article
- Altered metabolic activity in the developing brain of rats predisposed to high versus low depression-like behavior.Neuroscience · 2016Article
- The developmental origins of complex behavior and neuropsychiatric disease.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pavlovian fear or threat conditioning, where a neutral stimulus takes on aversive properties through pairing with an aversive stimulus, has been an important tool for exploring the neurobiology of learning. In the past decades, this neurobehavioral approach has been expanded to include the developing infant. Indeed, protracted postnatal brain development permits the exploration of how incorporating the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus into this learning system impacts the acquisition and expression of aversive conditioning. Here, we review the developmental trajectory of these key brain areas involved in aversive conditioning and relate it to pups' transition to independence through weaning. Overall, the data suggests that adult-like features of threat learning emerge as the relevant brain areas become incorporated into this learning. Specifically, the developmental emergence of the amygdala permits cue learning and the emergence of the hippocampus permits context learning. We also describe unique features of learning in early life that block threat learning and enhance interaction with the mother or exploration of the environment. Finally, we describe the development of a sense of time within this learning and its involvement in creating associations. Together these data suggest that the development of threat learning is a useful tool for dissecting adult-like functioning of brain circuits, as well as providing unique insights into ecologically relevant developmental changes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.