ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2016
The micro-social risk environment for injection drug use: An event specific analysis of dyadic, situational, and network predictors of injection risk behavior.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating Hepatitis C care: Knowledge gaps and access barriers among young women who inject drugs in rural Appalachia.PloS one · 2025Article
- A mixed methods exploration of injection drug use risk behaviors and place-based norms in Ukraine.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Creation and Validation of a New Socio-built Environment Index Measure of Opioid Overdose Risk for Use in Both Non-urban and Urban Settings.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Social network predictors of recent and sustained injection drug use cessation: findings from a longitudinal cohort study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Rural risk environments for hepatitis c among young adults in appalachian kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
- Injecting-related trust, cooperation, intimacy, and power as key factors influencing risk perception among drug injecting partnerships.PloS one · 2019Article
- Influence of social network on drug use among clients of methadone maintenance treatment centers in Kunming, China.PloS one · 2018Article
- Gender, Transience, Network Partnerships and Risky Sexual Practices Among Young Persons who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study explores the risk environment for drug use by examining injection risk behavior during specific injection episodes. By leveraging multiple observations of injection episodes of participants, the study attempts to move beyond global assessment of environmental variables to simultaneously model within (i.e., event level) as well as between (i.e., individual level) predictors of injection risk. Furthermore, gender is also explored as a potential moderator of the relationship between the association of specific partner characteristics (e.g., having an injection partner who is also a sexual partner) and injection risk behavior.
methodsData is used from the Sexual Acquisition of Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Study (SATHCAP). Multilevel structural equation modeling is utilized to predict within and between variations in underlying injection risk behavior as measured using four indicators of injection risk.
resultsResults indicated that a number of partner level characteristics (i.e., being emotionally close with the partner, sexual partnership, being a first time partner) and one social situational (i.e., the number of non-injectors present at the injection episode) characteristic predicted event level injection risk behavior. However, the impact of partner characteristics also appears to be moderated by gender of the participants. More specifically, sharing a sexual partnership with an injection partner was more strongly associated with injection risk among females as compared to males and females indicated higher levels of risk when injecting with other females while the partner's gender showed no significant association with risk for male injectors.
conclusionThese results suggest that people who inject drug do report varying levels of risk during different injection episodes and this variation can be explained by partner and situational characteristics. Improved understanding of the social processes surrounding injection episodes is required to further refine harm reduction approaches.
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