ArticlePharmaceutical research2016
In Vivo Toxicity and Immunological Characterization of Detoxified Recombinant Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potency Evaluations of Recombinant Botulinum Neurotoxin A1 Mutants Designed to Reduce Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin-derived fusion molecules are effective bivalent vaccines.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Vaccine Design: From Live Vaccines to Recombinant Toxin Vaccines.Toxins · 2023Review
- Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Novel Native and Engineered Botulinum Neurotoxins.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Review
- Natural Compounds and Their Analogues as Potent Antidotes against the Most Poisonous Bacterial Toxin.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Review
- Enhancing toxin-based vaccines against botulism.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Role of critical elements in botulinum neurotoxin complex in toxin routing across intestinal and bronchial barriers.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Vaccines against Botulism.Toxins · 2017Review
- A Novel Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for the Rapid Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins.Biosensors · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA double-mutant E224A/E262A full-length botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) Type A with structural similarity to native BoNT/A but lacking the endopeptidase activity provides an ideal surrogate for testing pharmacokinetics and immunochemical characteristics of BoNT.
methodsWe determined lethality (LD50) of deactivated recombinant botulinum neurotoxin (drBoNT/A) to be 24.0 μg by intraperitoneal route (i.p). The polypeptide drBoNT/A labeled with near infra-red dye 800 (NIR 800) was used to examine its distribution to different organs using whole body imaging when administered to mice via intravenous (i.v) or i.p route. Also, drBoNT/A was used to evaluate its immunogenicity in Balb/C mice model.
resultsdrBoNT/A was found to be highly immunogenic when tested under various in vivo conditions in Balb/C mice model. For the first time we have demonstrated that a full length 150 kDa drBoNT/A, by administering via inhalation route in mice model, has evoked both circulating immunoglobulin levels of IgG and secretory IgA at the mucosal surface. The immunoglobulin levels were sufficient enough to protect against the challenge dose of native BoNT toxin in mice model. Tissue distribution of drBoNT/A seems to be similar to that of native toxin.
conclusionsBased on the characteristics described in this report this nontoxic holotoxin protein will assist us to explore the window of opportunity available for therapeutic treatment in case of unnatural poisoning, and also it can be an effective vaccine candidate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.