ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2015
Ces locus embedded proteins control the non-ribosomal synthesis of the cereulide toxin in emetic Bacillus cereus on multiple levels.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The major toxins of Bacillus cereus - Current knowledge on distribution, regulation and mechanism of action.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Bovine Mastitis-DerivedVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Effect of Temperature, pH, and aToxins · 2024Article
- A poisonous cocktail: interplay of cereulide toxin and its structural isomers in emeticFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Validation of a Targeted LC-MS/MS Method for Cereulide and Application in Food and Faeces.Toxins · 2023Article
- Genomic characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in EmeticInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Structure Revision of Isocereulide A, an Isoform of the Food Poisoning EmeticMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Detection and Isolation of EmeticToxins · 2021Article
- The Food Poisoning Toxins ofToxins · 2021Review
- ModelingFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Characterization ofToxins · 2020Review
- TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Article
- Comparative Genomic and Phylogenomic Analyses Clarify Relationships Within and BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Potassium-Ion-Selective Fluorescent Sensors To Detect Cereulide, the Emetic Toxin ofChemistryOpen · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emetic toxin cereulide produced by Bacillus cereus is synthesized by the modular enzyme complex Ces that is encoded on a pXO1-like megaplasmid. To decipher the role of the genes adjacent to the structural genes cesA/cesB, coding for the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), gene inactivation- and overexpression mutants of the emetic strain F4810/72 were constructed and their impact on cereulide biosynthesis was assessed. The hydrolase CesH turned out to be a part of the complex regulatory network controlling cereulide synthesis on a transcriptional level, while the ABC transporter CesCD was found to be essential for post-translational control of cereulide synthesis. Using a gene inactivation approach, we show that the NRPS activating function of the phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPtase) embedded in the ces locus was complemented by a chromosomally encoded Sfp-like PPtase, representing an interesting example for the functional interaction between a plasmid encoded NRPS and a chromosomally encoded activation enzyme. In summary, our results highlight the complexity of cereulide biosynthesis and reveal multiple levels of toxin formation control. ces operon internal genes were shown to play a pivotal role by acting at different levels of toxin production, thus complementing the action of the chromosomal key transcriptional regulators AbrB and CodY.
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