ReviewJournal of pain research2015
Exposure to general anesthesia and the risk of dementia.
Review in Journal of pain research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association of General Anesthesia Exposure with Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Korean Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow During General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients with and Without Dementia: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Cognitive Deterioration Between Propofol and Remimazolam Anesthesia in ApoE4 Knock-In Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sevoflurane exposure in early life: mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in immature rat brains without long-term memory loss.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential Susceptibility to Propofol and Ketamine in Primary Cultures of Young and Senesced Astrocytes.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Risk of Dementia According to Surgery Type: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional clinic-based study.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Article
- Comparison of intravenous sedation using midazolam during dental treatment in elderly patients with/without dementia: a prospective, controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Risk assessment of dementia after hysterectomy: Analysis of 14-year data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2020Article
- Alzheimer's Disease: A Step Towards Prognosis Using Smart WearablesProceedings (MDPI) · 2018Article
- Do Complexity Measures of Frontal EEG Distinguish Loss of Consciousness in Geriatric Patients Under Anesthesia?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- The role of general anesthetics and the mechanisms of hippocampal and extra-hippocampal dysfunctions in the genesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Neural regeneration research · 2017Review
- Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Chronic Neurobehavioral Changes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exposure to anesthesia and surgery has been hypothesized to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the exact pathogenesis of AD remains unknown, it potentially involves specific proteins (eg, amyloid beta and tau) and neuroinflammation. A growing body of preclinical evidence also suggests that anesthetic agents interact with the components that mediate AD neuropathology at multiple levels. However, it remains unclear whether anesthesia and surgery are associated with an increased risk of AD in humans. To date, there have not been randomized controlled trials to provide evidence for such a causal relationship. Besides, observational studies showed inconsistent results. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies revealed no statistically significant association between general anesthesia and the development of AD (pooled odds ratio [OR] =1.05; P=0.43). However, a few retrospective cohort studies have demonstrated that exposure to anesthesia and surgery is associated with an increased risk of AD. Thus, well-designed studies with longer follow-up periods are still needed to define the role of anesthesia in relation to the development of AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.