Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26526972›Full record

ArticleNeuropathology and applied neurobiology2016

Bringing CLARITY to the human brain: visualization of Lewy pathology in three dimensions.

A K L Liu, M E D Hurry, O T W Ng, J DeFelice, H M Lai, R K B Pearce, G T-C Wong, R C-C Chang, S M Gentleman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropathology and applied neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. An open-source photobleacher for fluorescence imaging of large pigment-rich tissues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

A K L LiuNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. king.liu09@imperial.ac.uk.
M E D HurryNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
O T W NgLaboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
J DeFeliceNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
H M LaiNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
R K B PearceNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
G T-C WongDepartment of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
R C-C ChangLaboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. rccchang@hku.hk.
S M GentlemanNeuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. s.gentleman@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-7131-4643

Funding

Parkinson's UK G-0909
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsCLARITY is a novel technique which enables three-dimensional visualization of immunostained tissue for the study of circuitry and spatial interactions between cells and molecules in the brain. In this study, we aimed to compare methodological differences in the application of CLARITY between rodent and large human post mortem brain samples. In addition, we aimed to investigate if this technique could be used to visualize Lewy pathology in a post mortem Parkinson's brain.

methodsRodent and human brain samples were clarified and immunostained using the passive version of the CLARITY technique. Samples were then immersed in different refractive index matching media before mounting and visualizing under a confocal microscope.

resultsWe found that tissue clearing speed using passive CLARITY differs according to species (human vs. rodents), brain region and degree of fixation (fresh vs. formalin-fixed tissues). Furthermore, there were advantages to using specific refractive index matching media. We have applied this technique and have successfully visualized Lewy body inclusions in three dimensions within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the spatial relationship between monoaminergic fibres and Lewy pathologies among nigrostriatal fibres in the midbrain without the need for physical serial sectioning of brain tissue.

conclusionsThe effective use of CLARITY on large samples of human tissue opens up many potential avenues for detailed pathological and morphological studies.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainHistocytological Preparation TechniquesHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalLewy BodiesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLParkinson DiseaseRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyCLARITYhuman post mortem brainLewy body pathologythree-dimensional visualizationtissue clearing

Identifiers

PMID26526972
PMCPMC5053282

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.