SynthesisCroatian medical journal2015
Causes of chest pain in primary care--a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Croatian medical journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening for Referral of Serious Pathology by Physical Examination Tests in Patients with Back or Chest Pain: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence, aetiologies and prognosis of the symptom cough in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC family practice · 2021Pooled it
- Coughing children in family practice and primary care: a systematic review of prevalence, aetiology and prognosis.BMC pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence, aetiologies and prognosis of the symptom dizziness in primary care - a systematic review.BMC family practice · 2018Pooled it
- Chest Pain in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Risk Stratification Tools to Rule Out Acute Coronary Syndrome.Annals of family medicinePooled it
- A Care Management Intervention for Noncardiac Chest Pain: Treatment Development and Feasibility Assessment.The primary care companion for CNS disorders · 2022Trial
- Acute Coronary Syndrome Risk Prediction Using Portable Cable-Free ECG Device Combined With Clinical Risk Assessment.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Associations between pain reactivity to worse sleep and health outcomes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- One-Hour Troponin Using a High-Sensitivity Point-of-Care Assay in Emergency Primary Care: The OUT-POC Pilot Study.Cardiology · 2026Article
- Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography to Exclude Acute Coronary Syndrome in Low-Risk Chest Pain Patients.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Adequately identifying low-risk chest pain in emergency primary care: evaluating the performance of preHEAR(T) based on two European cohorts.Open heart · 2025Article
- Coronary computed tomography angiography in primary care patients with chest pain or dyspnea - a cross-sectional study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Long-Term Self-Reported Symptoms Among Adults After COVID-19 Infection in the West Bank: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2025Article
- Quality of undifferentiated chest pain evaluation and diagnosis guidelines: a systematic review and critical appraisal.JRSM open · 2024Review
- To Be, or Not to Be … Pectoral Angina? The Pain Is the Same, but the Etiology Is Different-A Case Report.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- PFAS and their association with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Development and implementation of a treatment pathway to reduce coronary angiograms - lessons from a failure.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Determining cardiovascular risk in patients with unattributed chest pain in UK primary care: an electronic health record study.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2023Article
- The long-term effects of the Covid-19 infection on cardiac symptoms.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Observational
- Evaluation of the Marburg Heart Score and INTERCHEST score compared to current telephone triage for chest pain in out-of-hours primary care.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate the frequencies of different and relevant underlying etiologies of chest pain in general practice.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE. Two reviewers independently rated the eligibility of publications and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. We extracted data to calculate the relative frequencies of different underlying conditions and investigated the variation across studies using forest plots, I(2), tau(2), and prediction intervals. With respect to unexplained heterogeneity, we provided qualitative syntheses instead of pooled estimates.
resultsWe identified 11 eligible studies comprising about 6500 patients. The overall risk of bias was rated as low in 6 studies comprising about 3900 patients. The relative frequencies of different conditions as the underlying etiologies of chest pain reported by these studies ranged from 24.5 to 49.8% (chest wall syndrome), 13.8 to 16.1% (cardiovascular diseases), 6.6 to 11.2% (stable coronary heart disease), 1.5 to 3.6% (acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction), 10.3 to 18.2% (respiratory diseases), 9.5 to 18.2% (psychogenic etiologies), 5.6 to 9.7% (gastrointestinal disorders), and 6.0 to 7.1% (esophageal disorders).
conclusionThis information may be of practical value for general practitioners as it provides the pre-test probabilities for a range of underlying diseases and may be suitable to guide the diagnostic process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.