ArticleBMC family practice2015
Development of a questionnaire to measure primary care physicians' scope of practice.
Article in BMC family practice, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of the scope of practice on family physicians: a systematic review.BMC family practice · 2021Pooled it
- Comprehensiveness in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Scope of practice of Japanese primary care physicians and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study.Family medicine and community health · 2025Article
- Primary care physicians working in rural areas provide a broader scope of practice: a cross-sectional study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Tele-education by an orthopedic specialist increased the confidence in orthopedics of a general practitioner at a rural solo-practice clinic.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2024Article
- Ontario family physicians' perspectives about their scope of practice: what is it, what drives it and how does it change?BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Family Medicine Education at a Rural Hospital in Japan: Impact on Institution and Trainees.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Identification of physicians providing comprehensive primary care in Ontario: a retrospective analysis using linked administrative data.CMAJ open · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite an increase in research devoted to primary care attributes, the patient benefits and educational aspects of broad scope practice of primary care physicians (PCPs) have not been well studied, due to a lack of validated measurement in each country. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Scope of Practice Inventory (SPI) to measure physicians' scope of practice within the Japanese primary care setting.
methodsThe questionnaire was developed in seven phases: 1) item generation, 2) consensus method for necessity of each item, 3) Delphi process for the importance of each item, 4) pilot tests to limit the number of items, 5) preliminary cross-sectional study to examine factor structure and to validate the construct validity, 6) evaluation of internal consistency and intra-class reliability, and 7) evaluation of external validity. To confirm the interpretability of the SPI, the determinants of the SPI using a generalized linear model were evaluated.
resultsAmong 359 items generated by a focus group, 180 reached a defined consensus on face and content validity after the Delphi process. After deletion of items with Kappa values less than 0.6, 120 items were selected for the preliminary study. The principle component analysis using responses from 451 PCPs eliminated 52 items. The final 68-point SPI had three subdomains: Inpatient care, 25 items; Urgent care and minor procedures, 27 items; and Ambulatory care, 16 items. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability for total SPI and each subdomain revealed acceptable reliability. Male sex, less years since graduation, working in a hospital, sub-urban or rural setting, having remote experience, and having board certification as a PCP were positively associated with higher SPI.
conclusionsWe developed a self-administered 68-point scale, the SPI, which had satisfactory validity and reliability. Primary care quality and educational research using SPI are expected to contribute to comprehensive and efficient health care systems in the future.
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