Trial reportBMC cancer2015
Toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, significantly improved biochemical recurrence in bone metastatic prostate cancer: a randomized controlled phase II a trial.
Trial report in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular regulation of estrogen receptors and recent advances on ERα36 splice variant in prostate cancer.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis Strategy-based Stability Indicating RP-HPLC-PDA Method Development and Validation of Toremifene.Current computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Characterization of an Estrogen Receptor α-SelectiveWorld journal of nuclear medicine · 2024Article
- Supportive care of female hormones in brain health: what and how?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- To block or not to block-hormonal signaling in the treatment of cancers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Trends in estrogen and progesterone receptors in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Estradiol and Estrogen-like Alternative Therapies in Use: The Importance of the Selective and Non-Classical Actions.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Association between the polygenic liabilities for prostate cancer and breast cancer with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2021Article
- Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of proteome research · 2020Article
- Gene Expression Signature Predictive of Neuroendocrine Transformation in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Review
- Review
- Impact of estrogens in males and androgens in females.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Review
- Estrogens and prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2019Review
- Effects of Toremifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, on Spontaneous and Stimulated GH Secretion, IGF-I, and IGF-Binding Proteins in Healthy Elderly Subjects.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2018Article
- Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine.Cancers · 2018Review
- Estrogens and Their Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Review
- Biological basis of cancer health disparities: resources and challenges for research.American journal of cancer research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundsDurability of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC) is limited. Additional selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may prolong the durability of ADT, because androgen and estrogen signaling drive PC progression.
methodsMen with treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC were randomly assigned in 1:1:1 fashion to receive ADT, toremifene 60 mg plus ADT (TOPADT), or raloxifene 60 mg plus ADT (RAPADT). The primary endpoint was the biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate, and secondary endpoints were changes of scores of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the functional assessment of cancer therapy (FACT).
resultsA total of 15 men, 5 each, were allocated to one of the three treatment arms. The basal serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 198 ng/mL (median, range; 30-8428). Bone metastases were graded as 1 (n = 11), 2 (n = 3), and 3 (n = 1) by the extent of disease. During the median follow-up period of 1370 days (range; 431-1983), BCR occurred in 3, 0 and 2 men in ADT, TOPADT and RAPADT group, respectively. The 5-year BCR-free rate was 30, 100 and 53 %, in ADT, TOPADT and RAPADT group, respectively (p = 0.04, ADT v.s. TOPADT, p = 0.48, ADT v.s. RAPADT and p = 0.12, TOPADT v.s. RAPADT). Scores of VAS improved in all groups and remained stable throughout the study. This analysis is limited as a preliminary result in a single center.
conclusionsToremifene with conventional ADT significantly improved the BCR rate in treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the promising clinical efficacy of this combination therapy.
trial registrationThe protocol was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network ( UMIN ID;0,000,064,000 ) in Sep 25, 2011.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.