ArticleCell host & microbe2015
Normalization of Host Intestinal Mucus Layers Requires Long-Term Microbial Colonization.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 304 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
304 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 544 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of natural products in the intestinal barrier: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2025.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The metabolic endotoxemia and gut microbiota: research trajectories and hot trends across the centuries (1999-2024).Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Food Additive Titanium Dioxide on Gut Microbiota Composition, Microbiota-Associated Functions, and Gut Barrier: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Gut microbial metabolism of peanuts generates immunoregulatory metabolites.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota and host immunity synergistically orchestrate colonization resistance.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- MUC17 and the intestinal glycocalyx: structure, regulation, and barrier function in health and disease.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- A barrier-centered perspective on the gut-barrier-bone axis: a review of the core role of the intestinal barrier and related probiotics with nanocoatings.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- An atlas of colonization factors in the human gut microbiome reveals ecological strategies and inflammatory bowel disease signatures.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived riboflavin mediates protective effects of MUC2 in acute pancreatitis via CD40-macrophage pathway.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota modulation of systemic immunity and cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, evidence, and therapeutic implications.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- A phase-variable capsule facilitatesmBio · 2026Article
- Food-grade TiOJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii-derived CDCA mediates FXR signalling to improve mucosal barrier function.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Rapid early life colonization of the intestinal tract by Akkermansia muciniphila after voluntary feeding.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Uniform bacterial genetic diversity along the gut.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bioengineering Interventions to Enhance the Capacity of the Gut Microbiota in Controlling Food Allergies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut Lachnospiraceae improves white matter injury-related cognitive decline by increasing L-arginine.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- HMGB1 functions as a critical mediator of host defense at the gut mucosal barrier.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
244 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer provides a barrier limiting bacterial contact with the underlying epithelium. Mucus structure is shaped by intestinal location and the microbiota. To understand how commensals modulate gut mucus, we examined mucus properties under germ-free (GF) conditions and during microbial colonization. Although the colon mucus organization of GF mice was similar to that of conventionally raised (Convr) mice, the GF inner mucus layer was penetrable to bacteria-sized beads. During colonization, in which GF mice were gavaged with Convr microbiota, the small intestine mucus required 5 weeks to be normally detached and colonic inner mucus 6 weeks to become impenetrable. The composition of the small intestinal microbiota during colonization was similar to Convr donors until 3 weeks, when Bacteroides increased, Firmicutes decreased, and segmented filamentous bacteria became undetectable. These findings highlight the dynamics of mucus layer development and indicate that studies of mature microbe-mucus interactions should be conducted weeks after colonization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.