Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26526122›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2016

Evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures.

Christopher L Bowlus, Kristin A Olson, M Eric Gershwin

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04431427 (Partially Covered Metal Stents Efficacy in the Biliary Drainage of Malignant Extra-hepatic Biliary Obstruction, a Multicentric Randomized Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04431427 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Partially Covered Metal Stents Efficacy in the Biliary Drainage of Malignant Extra-hepatic Biliary Obstruction, a Multicentric Randomized Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSanti MangiaficoRan2021 to 2022Enrolled300ConditionsBiliary ObstructionArmsBiliary drainage with PC-SEMS, Biliary drainage with U-SEMS
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Next Generation Sequencing for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Biliary Strictures.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Diagnostic Approach to Biliary Strictures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Endoscopic evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures: Cholangioscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, or both?Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2024
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. The Role of Cholangioscopy in Biliary Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christopher L BowlusDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Kristin A OlsonDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
M Eric GershwinDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
University of California, Davis · US

Funding

An Open-Label Study of Ursolkc Acid for Primary Sclerosing CholangitisR21DK100897 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI BOWLUS, CHRISTOPHER L. · 2014 to 2015
$410k
NIDDK NIH HHS R21DK100897
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biliary strictures frequently present a diagnostic challenge during pre-operative evaluation to determine their benign or malignant nature. A variety of benign conditions, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, frequently mimic malignancies. In addition, PSC and other chronic biliary diseases increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma and so require ongoing vigilance. Although traditional methods of evaluation including imaging, detection of circulating tumour markers, and sampling by endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography have a high specificity, they suffer from low sensitivity. Currently, up to 20% of biliary strictures remain indeterminate after pre-operative evaluation and necessitate surgical intervention for a definitive diagnosis. The discovery of novel biomarkers, new imaging modalities and advanced endoscopic techniques suggests that a multimodality approach might lead to better diagnostic accuracy.

Indexed as

Biliary Tract DiseasesBiliary Tract NeoplasmsBiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCholestasisDiagnosis, DifferentialDiagnostic ImagingEndoscopyHumansSensitivity and SpecificityBiomarkersBiomarkers, Tumor

Identifiers

PMID26526122
OpenAlexW2220739487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.