ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2015
Physical and Cognitive Activities as Deterrents of Cognitive Decline in a Biracial Population Sample.
Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cognitive activity and access to resources with cognitive decline in a broad representation of older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Associations between self-reported change in lifestyle behaviors and brain health: Findings from the Healthy Brain Initiative.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- The importance of modifiable lifestyle factors for episodic memory: a gradient boosted tree analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The Effects of APOE Alleles, Cognitive Activities, and Social Activities on Cognitive Decline in African Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Incorporation of concussion history as part of the LIfestyle for BRAin Health (LIBRA) modifiable factors risk score and associations with cognition in older former National Football League players.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Modifiable psychosocial risk factors and delayed onset of dementia in older populations: analysis of two prospective US cohorts.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Interactive Effects of Physical Activity and Cognitive Activity on Cognition in Older Adults Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia.Journal of aging and health · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Characterization and Biomarkers of Age and Sex Differences in the Decline of Spatial Memory.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Differences in association of leisure time activities and cognition in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of older adults: Findings from the KHANDLE study.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2020Article
- General cognitive status among Baby boomers and pre-boomers in Taiwan: the interplay between mid-life socioeconomic status and city residence.BMC geriatrics · 2017Article
- Lifestyle,Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePhysical and cognitive activities are associated with slower cognitive decline. Few studies have examined racial differences in these associations, however. The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical and cognitive activities with level and change in cognitive function among black and white participants. A secondary aim was to explore observed differences between black and white participants using post hoc analyses based on education and cognitive function levels.
methodsData came from a longitudinal study of 7,742 (63% black and 61% female) participants assessed three times over an average of 9.5 years. At baseline, each participant reported number of hours of leisure time physical activity (categorized using quartiles) and rated frequency of participation in cognitively stimulating activities (range: 0-4). A standardized measure of cognition was derived from tests of memory, perceptual speed, and orientation.
resultsOf the 7,742 participants, 2,322 (30%) reported no physical activity. Cognitive decline was slower by about 20% (95% CI: 13%-27%) among whites with physical activity above 1.25 hours compared with those with no physical activity, but showed no significant decrease in cognitive decline relative to those with no physical activity among blacks. Further post hoc analysis revealed cognitive decline to be slower by about 29% (95% CI: 20%-38%) among blacks and whites with higher education and above average baseline cognition. A 1-point increase in cognitive activity frequency decreased cognitive decline by 8% (95% CI: 3%-14%) among blacks and by 14% (95% CI: 7%-20%) among whites.
conclusionsThe benefits of higher physical activity on cognitive decline was observed among whites, and among blacks with higher education and above average baseline cognitive function. Nevertheless, the protective effect of cognitive activity seems to be independent of education and baseline cognitive function among both blacks and whites.
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