ReviewPhysiology (Bethesda, Md.)2015
Sex and Gender Impact Immune Responses to Vaccines Among the Elderly.
Review in Physiology (Bethesda, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and influencing factors of concomitant and sequential administration of viral respiratory infectious disease vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Cutaneous adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review.Dermatologic therapy · 2022Pooled it
- HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine induces sex-associated differences in antibody responses: a phase 1 clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Vector-Induced Humoral Responses After rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Immunization Identify Vaccinated Individuals and Correlate With Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Antibodies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Physiological Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights From a Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Participant-Centered Online Active Surveillance for Adverse Events Following Vaccination in a Large Clinical Trial: Feasibility and Usability Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Influenza Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses Are Not Impaired by Frailty in the Community-Dwelling Elderly With Natural Influenza Exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Early antibiotic exposure and vaccine immune responses in preterm infants: potential sex-specific differences.Gut microbes · 2026Observational
- Rescuing age-associated vaccine hyporesponsiveness in murine and nonhuman primate models with an immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvant.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes Among Hemodialysis Patients in Egypt, Kenya, and Cameroon: A Multicenter Study.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Pooled analyses of Clostridioides difficile vaccine trials identify baseline predictors for vaccine response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Critical immunity gaps: Waning diphtheria protection among Yemen's displaced populations calls for urgent booster strategies.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Impaired systemic antibody response against gut microbiota pathobionts in critical illness and susceptibility to nosocomial infections.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients resemble that of healthy individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing hospitalization among household contacts: A case-control study from December 2021 to April 2023.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Medical Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- COVID-19 booster doses reduce sex disparities in antibody responses among nursing home residents.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In response to the recommended vaccines in older-aged individuals, sex differences occur in response to those that protect against influenza, tetanus, pertussis, shingles, and pneumococcal infections. The efficacy of vaccines recommended for older-aged adults is consistently greater for females than for males. Gender differences as well as biological sex differences can influence vaccine uptake, responses, and outcome in older-aged individuals, which should influence guidelines, formulations, and dosage recommendations for vaccines in the elderly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.