Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26525199›Full record

ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2016

Cyclophosphamide and rituximab in frequently relapsing/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Hazel Webb, Graciana Jaureguiberry, Stephanie Dufek, Kjell Tullus, Detlef Bockenhauer

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Update on the treatment of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hazel WebbDepartment of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
Graciana JaureguiberryDepartment of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
Stephanie DufekDepartment of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
Kjell TullusDepartment of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. kjell.tullus@gosh.nhs.uk.
Detlef BockenhauerDepartment of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSteroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, defined by the response to treatment with glucocorticoids with consequent remission. While most children eventually experience spontaneous resolution of the disease, some have a difficult course with frequent relapses or steroid dependence nephrotic syndrome (FRSDNS). The consequent steroid toxicity often prompts administration of other immunosuppressive drugs, traditionally cyclophosphamide. Recently, rituximab has been reported as effective in this disorder, but long-term experience is lacking.

methodsRetrospective note review of all children with FRSDNS treated with a first course of cyclophosphamide and/or rituximab in our center between December 2006 and April 2015. We reviewed time to first relapse after treatment, co-medications, and side effects.

resultsA total of 102 children were treated with cyclophosphamide (79) and/or rituximab (42). Of these, 34 received cyclophosphamide prior to rituximab. Median time to first relapse was 7 months after cyclophosphamide and 14 months after rituximab. Documented side effects of cyclophosphamide included neutropenia, hair loss, and hemorrhagic cystitis (1). Rituximab was associated with an allergic reaction at infusion in two patients.

conclusionsRituximab was used in children with the most difficult to treat FRSDNS, yet was associated with longer remission time and less side effects than cyclophosphamide. A randomized controlled trial is needed to directly compare these drugs.

Indexed as

ChildCyclophosphamideGlucocorticoidsHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsLondonMaleNephrotic SyndromeRecurrenceRemission InductionRetrospective StudiesRituximabTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeCyclophosphamideGlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive AgentsRituximabCyclophosphamideFrequently relapsing nephrotic syndromeOutcomeRituximabSteroid dependent nephrotic syndrome

Identifiers

PMID26525199
OpenAlexW1937017173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.