ArticleIntegrative molecular medicine
Elevated anthranilic acid plasma concentrations in type 1 but not type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Integrative molecular medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomic analyses of COVID-19 patients unravel stage-dependent and prognostic biomarkers.Cell death & disease · 2021Trial
- Cell Signaling by Tryptophan Catabolism.Biochemistry · 2026Review
- Emerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NADNature aging · 2025Review
- Molecular Insights Into the Interaction of Tryptophan Metabolites With Tryptophan and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenases: Nitric Oxide a New Effector of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase and Their Roles in Infection.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2025Article
- Identification and functional validation of kynureninases from oral bacteria.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Neuroactive Kynurenine Metabolite Alterations Unveil Novel Association to Locomotor Deterioration in Diabetic Neuropathy.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2025Article
- Alteration in kynurenine pathway metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Relationship between circulating metabolites and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metabolomics analysis of serum and urine in type 1 diabetes patients with different time in range derived from continuous glucose monitoring.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Tryptophanylation of insulin receptor by WARS attenuates insulin signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Amino Acid Catabolism: An Overlooked Area of Metabolism.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Review
- Links between Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension: The Relationship with the Current Antidiabetic Drugs.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Synergistic effect of endurance training and nettle leaf extract on the IDO1-KYN-AHR pathway homeostasis and inhibiting of liver toxicity in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Breathomics profiling of metabolic pathways affected by major depression: Possibilities and limitations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Targeted metabolomic analysis identifies increased serum levels of GABA and branched chain amino acids in canine diabetes.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2021Article
- Crosstalk between Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Context of Cardio-Metabolic Risk-Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The role of anthranilic acid in the increase of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder during treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α2a and oral ribavirin.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental data suggested involvement of tryptophan (Trp) - kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (TKP) in mechanisms of autoimmune, type 1 (T1D), and metabolic, type 2 (T2D), diabetes. However, clinical evaluations of TKP metabolites were limited to T2D. We assessed Trp, Kyn and TKP metabolites: anthranilic (AA), kynurenic (KYNA) and xanthurenic (XA) acids, in plasma samples of fifteen T1D, thirty T2D patients and twenty eight non-diabetic subjects by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Trp concentrations were higher in T1D than in T2D and controls while Kyn concentrations were not changed suggesting down-regulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a rate-limiting enzyme of TKP, in T1D. AA concentrations were 2.3-fold higher in T1D than in T2D and in controls. KYNA and XA concentrations were higher in T1D than in controls, and in previously reported T2D. AA elevation might be a specific feature of T1D. TKP shift towards AA formation in T1D may result from riboflavin deficiency, that increases AA in rats and baboons, and is highly associated with T1D but not T2D. AA augments autoimmune-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cells (PC) by increasing formation of antibodies to PC auto-antigen. Marked increase of AA was reported in rheumatoid arthritis, another autoimmune disorder. Trp, an essential amino acid for humans, is synthesized from AA by diabetogenic intestinal microbiome. AA down-regulates IDO by inhibition of Trp entry into cells. Resulting elevation of Trp attenuates Trp depletion-induced protection of PC against autoimmunity. Further studies of TKP might offer new tools for prevention and treatment of T1D and other autoimmune disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.