Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2015
Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trials of Robotic Rehabilitation, Mirror Therapy, and Dose-Matched Control Intervention for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Stroke: Comparative Efficacy and Clinimetric Study
Combining Electrical Stimulation and a Dynamic Hand Orthosis for Functional Recovery in Chronic Stroke
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling for Balance Rehabilitation in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Artificial organs · 2026Pooled it
- Combining robot-assisted therapy with virtual reality or using it alone? A systematic review on health-related quality of life in neurological patients.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Pooled it
- Pragmatic Solutions for Stroke Recovery and Improved Quality of Life in Low- and Middle-Income Countries-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of sequential combination of mirror therapy and robot-assisted therapy on motor function, daily function, and self-efficacy after stroke.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Long-Dose Intensive Therapy Is Necessary for Strong, Clinically Significant, Upper Limb Functional Gains and Retained Gains in Severe/Moderate Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2019Trial
- fNIRS-Based Network Signatures of Sensory-Primed Bilateral Arm Training in Subacute Stroke Recovery.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- Neuromodulatory effects of voluntary-motor-effort-driven wrist-hand robot in sensorimotor dynamics after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Sensorimotor Integration by Targeted Priming in Muscles with Electromyography-Driven Electro-vibro-feedback in Robot-Assisted Wrist/Hand Rehabilitation after Stroke.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The effects of concomitant application of TENS and NMES on chronic stroke patients: a prospective randomized controlled study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Combination of robot-assisted glove and mirror therapy improves upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Long-term effects of mobile exoneuromusculoskeleton (ENMS)-assisted self-help telerehabilitation after stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Translation of Mobile-Exoneuromusculoskeleton-Assisted Wrist-Hand Poststroke Telerehabilitation from Laboratory to Clinical Service.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A rehabilitative approach beyond the acute stroke event: a scoping review about functional recovery perspectives in the chronic hemiplegic patient.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Gamma oscillations and application of 40-Hz audiovisual stimulation to improve brain function.Brain and behavior · 2022Review
- Article
- Brain-derived CCR5 Contributes to Neuroprotection and Brain Repair after Experimental Stroke.Aging and disease · 2021Article
- Neurotechnology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation in severe chronic stroke.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2019Review
- A Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and robot hybrid system for multi-joint coordinated upper limb rehabilitation after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2017Article
- The Effects of Upper-Limb Training Assisted with an Electromyography-Driven Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Robotic Hand on Chronic Stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRobot-assisted therapy (RT) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in patients after stroke, but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to RT that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand.
methodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to the RT combined with NMES (RT + ES) or to RT with sham stimulation (RT + Sham) groups. The participants completed the intervention 90 to 100 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3 months of follow-up.
resultsCompared with the RT + Sham group, the RT + ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found.
conclusionRT + ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor spasticity and in hand movement quality in patients with chronic stroke.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.