Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26519540›Full record

SynthesisNeurology2015

Cognitive training in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Isabella H K Leung, Courtney C Walton, Harry Hallock, Simon J G Lewis, Michael Valenzuela, Amit Lampit

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 20 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 20 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02920632 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

COGTIPS (COGnitive Training In Parkinson Study): The Effect of Online Cognitive Training on Cognition and Brain Networks in Parkinson's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAmsterdam UMC, location VUmcRan2017 to 2021Enrolled167ConditionsParkinson Disease, Impaired Cognition, Alteration in CognitionArmsOnline cognitive training 1, Online cognitive training 2
NCT03680170 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Home-based Working Memory Updating Training on Cognition and Health in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorUmeå UniversityRan2017 to 2023Enrolled80ConditionsParkinson Disease, Cognitive ImpairmentArmsWorking memory updating training, Placebo training
NCT07213232 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Investigation of the Effects of Dual-Task Balance and Gait Training Combined With Cognitive Training in Parkinson's Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorGazi UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled14ConditionsCognition, Parkinson's Disease, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Balance DisordersArmsCore Stability Training, Dual-Task Balance and Gait Training, Cognitive Training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 20 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. TMS and tDCS as potential tools for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  9. Effects of cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson disease: a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022
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  11. Occupational Therapy Interventions for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Adults With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2021
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72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Isabella H K LeungFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Courtney C WaltonFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Harry HallockFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Simon J G LewisFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Michael ValenzuelaFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Amit LampitFrom the Regenerative Neuroscience Group (I.H.K.L., H.H., M.V., A.L.) and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic (C.C.W., S.J.G.L.), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia. amit.lampit@sydney.edu.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo quantify the effects of cognitive training (CT) on cognitive and behavioral outcome measures in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

methodsWe systematically searched 5 databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CT in patients with PD reporting cognitive or behavioral outcomes. Efficacy was measured as standardized mean difference (Hedges g) of post-training change.

resultsSeven studies encompassing 272 patients with Hoehn & Yahr Stages 1-3 were included. The overall effect of CT over and above control conditions was small but statistically significant (7 studies: g = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014-0.44, p = 0.037). True heterogeneity across studies was low (I(2) = 0%) and there was no evidence of publication bias. Larger effect sizes were noted on working memory (4 studies: g = 0.74, CI 0.32-1.17, p = 0.001), processing speed (4 studies: g = 0.31, CI 0.01-0.61, p = 0.04), and executive function (5 studies: g = 0.30, CI 0.01-0.58, p = 0.042), while effects on measures of global cognition (4 studies), memory (5 studies), visuospatial skills (4 studies), and depression (5 studies), as well as attention, quality of life, and instrumental activities of daily living (3 studies each), were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported.

conclusionsThough still small, the current body of RCT evidence indicates that CT is safe and modestly effective on cognition in patients with mild to moderate PD. Larger RCTs are necessary to examine the utility of CT for secondary prevention of cognitive decline in this population.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAgedCognitionCognition DisordersCognitive Behavioral TherapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedParkinson DiseaseRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Identifiers

PMID26519540
PMCPMC4662707

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.