Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26517696›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2015

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives atherosclerosis progression.

Pei-Yu Chen, Lingfeng Qin, Nicolas Baeyens, Guangxin Li, Titilayo Afolabi, Madhusudhan Budatha, George Tellides, Martin A Schwartz, Michael Simons

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 368 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
368citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

368 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 560 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. High-flux hemodialysis with polymethylmethacrylate membranes reduces soluble CD40L, a mediator of cardiovascular disease in uremia.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. ILK-Dependent Modulation of DPP4 Prevents Progression of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

308 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Pei-Yu Chen
Lingfeng Qin
Nicolas Baeyens
Guangxin Li
Titilayo Afolabi
Madhusudhan Budatha
George Tellides
Martin A Schwartz
Michael Simons
Yale University · US

Funding

Surgery / Physiology CoreP01HL107205 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SIMONS, MICHAEL · 2012 to 2022
$18.8M
Yale Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterU24DK059635 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SHULMAN, GERALD I · 2001 to 2015
$8.9M
Angiogensis and ischemiaR01HL053793 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SIMONS, MICHAEL · 1996 to 2017
$7.3M
Integrins in the Endothelial Response to Fluid Shear StressR01HL075092 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SCHWARTZ, MARTIN A · 2004 to 2019
$5.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL107205NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL053793NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL075092NIDDK NIH HHS U24 DK059635
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions have not been fully established. Here, we investigated the role played by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and its key regulator FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) in atherosclerosis. In cultured human endothelial cells, both inflammatory cytokines and oscillatory shear stress reduced endothelial FGFR1 expression and activated TGF-β signaling. We further explored the link between disrupted FGF endothelial signaling and progression of atherosclerosis by introducing endothelial-specific deletion of FGF receptor substrate 2 α (Frs2a) in atherosclerotic (Apoe(-/-)) mice. When placed on a high-fat diet, these double-knockout mice developed atherosclerosis at a much earlier time point compared with that their Apoe(-/-) counterparts, eventually demonstrating an 84% increase in total plaque burden. Moreover, these animals exhibited extensive development of EndMT, deposition of fibronectin, and increased neointima formation. Additionally, we conducted a molecular and morphometric examination of left main coronary arteries from 43 patients with various levels of coronary disease to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis in this patient set strongly correlated with loss of endothelial FGFR1 expression, activation of endothelial TGF-β signaling, and the extent of EndMT. These data demonstrate a link between loss of protective endothelial FGFR signaling, development of EndMT, and progression of atherosclerosis.

Indexed as

Adaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsApolipoproteins ECoronary Artery DiseaseHumansHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, KnockoutReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1Transforming Growth Factor betaAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingApolipoproteins EFGFR1 protein, humanFgfr1 protein, mouseFRS2alpha protein, mouseFRS2 protein, humanMembrane ProteinsReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1Transforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID26517696
PMCPMC4665771
OpenAlexW2115542035

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.