ArticleMemorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz2015
High interleukin-4 expression and interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to human paracoccidioidomycosis.
Article in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic background and immune response in paracoccidioidomycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of single nucleotide variants.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of theFrontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Paracoccidioidomycosis in the 21st century: Challenges and milestones.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- IL-4 Predicts the Efficacy of a Candidate Antioxycodone Vaccine and Alters Vaccine-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cell Proliferation in Mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study RevealsJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Paracoccidioidomycosis Protective Immunity.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Insulin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Acute Stages and Augments Expression of Adhesion Molecules and Leukocytes in Lungs on Chronic Stages of Paracoccidioidomycosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Coccidioidomycosis: Prognostic Clues and Opportunities for Novel Therapies.Clinical therapeutics · 2019Review
- Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Perspectives from Brazil.The open microbiology journal · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by dimorphic fungi from the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex. Previous studies have demonstrated that the severity of disease is associated with a T-helper 2 immune response characterised by high interleukin (IL)-4 production. In the present study we analysed two polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene (-590 C/T and intron-3 microsatellite) in 76 patients with PCM and 73 control subjects from an endemic area. The production of IL-4 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after antigen or phytohaemagglutinin stimulation was determined by ELISA. A significant correlation was observed between the RP2/RP2 intron-3 genotype and infection with Paracoccidioides sp.(p = 0.011), whereas the RP1/RP1 genotype was correlated with resistance. No significant correlation was observed for the IL-4 promoter polymorphism. Furthermore, the low IL-4 expression observed in the control group compared with patients was associated with the RP1/RP1 genotype. These results suggest that IL-4 polymorphisms might be associated with the ability of the host to control Paracoccidioides sp.infection. The relevance of this polymorphism is supported by the observation that patients with disease produce high levels of IL-4 following mitogen or antigen stimulation. The IL-4 gene is located in the cytokine cluster region of chromosome 5 where other polymorphisms have also been described.
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