ArticleOncotarget2016
Salmonella overcomes tumor immune tolerance by inhibition of tumor indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 expression.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Salmonella as an immune-metabolic modulator of the tumor microenvironment.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Review
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- Exploiting Salmonella typhimurium as a novel cancer therapeutic agent: from tumor colonization to metabolic engineering.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Identification of immune escape-related prognostic genes and immune infiltration analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Approach in Tumor Therapy.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Bacteria-Based Nanoprobes for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Bacteria in cancer therapy: A new generation of weapons.Cancer medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Recombinant AttenuatedCancers · 2022Review
- The role played by bacterial infections in the onset and metastasis of cancer.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- Highlights of Immunomodulation inBiomedicines · 2021Review
- Integration ofCancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Perspectives on OncolyticFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decades, Salmonella has been proven capable of inhibiting tumor growth. It can specifically target tumors and due to its facultative anaerobic property, can be more penetrative than other drug therapies. However, the molecular mechanism by which Salmonella inhibits tumor growth is still incompletely known. The antitumor therapeutic effect mediated by Salmonella is associated with an inflammatory immune response at the tumor site and a T cell-dependent immune response. Many tumors have been proven to have a high expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO), which is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan to kynurenine, thus causing immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. With decreased expression of IDO, increased immune response can be observed, which might be helpful when developing cancer immunotherapy. The expression of IDO was decreased after tumor cells were infected with Salmonella. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of phospho-protein kinase B (P-AKT), phospho-mammalian targets of rapamycin (P-mTOR), and phospho-p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P-p70s6K) in tumor cells were decreased after Salmonella infection. In conclusion, our results indicate that Salmonella inhibits IDO expression and plays a crucial role in anti-tumor therapy, which might be a promising strategy combined with other cancer treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.