SynthesisPloS one2015
The Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Systematic Review of Randomised Trials with Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequential Analyses Including Individual Patient Data.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of therapeutic interventions for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Maternal-Fetal Compatibility in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Understanding recurrent pregnancy loss: recent advances on its etiology, clinical diagnosis, and management.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Article
- Outcomes of Empirical Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin G Combined With Low-Dose Aspirin in Women With Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Live Birth Rate in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss after In Vitro Fertilization with Concomitant Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Prednisone.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Thyroid autoimmunity and its negative impact on female fertility and maternal pregnancy outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Correlation Between the Presence of Antinuclear Antibodies and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Mini Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Effects of Anticoagulants and Immune Agents on Pregnancy Outcomes and Offspring Safety in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles-A Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss More Often Have an Older Brother and a Previous Birth of a Boy: Is Male Microchimerism a Risk Factor?Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- NKG2D Natural Killer Cell Receptor-A Short Description and Potential Clinical Applications.Cells · 2021Review
- Immunological Risk Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Guidelines Versus Current State of the Art.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Different Background: Natural Killer Cell Profiles in Secondary versus Primary Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Is there a Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Immunologic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?Journal of immunology research · 2020Review
- Hydroxychloroquine may be beneficial in preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriage.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Review
- Article
- Immunosuppression in pregnant women with renal disease: review of the latest evidence in the biologics era.Journal of nephrology · 2018Review
- Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/050).Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunological disturbances are hypothesised to play a role in recurrent miscarriage (RM) and therefore intravenous immunoglubulins (IVIg) have been tested in RM patients.
objectivesThe objectives were to investigate the benefits and harms of IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in women with RM. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the published literature in all relevant databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials investigating IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in women with RM. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We undertook meta-analyses of aggregated data and individual patient data using a two-step approach, and we conducted bias domain assessments and trial sequential analyses to assess the risks of systematic and random errors. MAIN
resultsWe identified 11 randomised clinical trials. No significant difference in the frequency of no live birth was found when IVIg was compared with placebo or treatment as usual (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.12, p = 0.42). Trial sequential analysis showed that the required information size of 1,008 participants was not obtained. IVIg compared with placebo seems to increase the risk of adverse events. Subgroup analysis suggests that women with RM after a birth (secondary RM) seemed most likely to obtain a potential beneficial effect of IVIg (RR for no live birth 0.77, 95%CI 0.58-1.02, p = 0.06), however, trial sequential analysis showed that insufficient information is presently accrued.
conclusionWe cannot recommend or refute IVIg in women with RM. IVIg should therefore be assessed in further randomised clinical trials with positive outcomes before any clinical use is considered.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.