ArticleViruses2015
Exposure to West Nile Virus Increases Bacterial Diversity and Immune Gene Expression in Culex pipiens.
Article in Viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transplant of cryopreserved mosquito gut microbiota reveals strain-specific patterns of microbial acquisition and assembly.ISME host microbe · 2026Article
- Environmental persistence and transmission dynamics ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbiome diversity in mosquitoes and sand flies: implications for vector competence.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Review
- Aedes albopictus saliva contains a richer microbial community than the midgut.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Microbiota composition of Culex perexiguus mosquitoes during the West Nile virus outbreak in southern Spain.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exposure to Zika and chikungunya viruses impacts aspects of the vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of seasonality and developed land cover onFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Aedes aegypti microbiome composition covaries with the density of Wolbachia infection.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Interactions between West Nile Virus and the Microbiota ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Vector-virus interaction affects viral loads and co-occurrence.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Microbiota Community Structure and Interaction Networks withinAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Bacterial Community Diversity and Bacterial Interaction Network in Eight Mosquito Species.Genes · 2022Article
- Association of Midgut Bacteria and Their Metabolic Pathways with Zika Infection and Insecticide Resistance in ColombianViruses · 2022Article
- Lack of robust evidence for a Wolbachia infection in Anopheles gambiae from Burkina Faso.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2022Article
- Zika virus and temperature modulate Elizabethkingia anophelis in Aedes albopictus.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Molecular detection and maternal transmission of a bacterial symbiont Asaia species in field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes from Cameroon.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Review
- Microbial interactions in the mosquito gut determine Serratia colonization and blood-feeding propensity.The ISME journal · 2021Article
- Increase in temperature enriches heat tolerant taxa in Aedes aegypti midguts.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Complex interactions between microbial residents of mosquitoes and arboviruses are likely to influence many aspects of vectorial capacity and could potentially have profound effects on patterns of arbovirus transmission. Such interactions have not been well studied for West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) and Culex spp. mosquitoes. We utilized next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial genes derived from Culex pipiens Linnaeus following WNV exposure and/or infection and compared bacterial populations and broad immune responses to unexposed mosquitoes. Our results demonstrate that WNV infection increases the diversity of bacterial populations and is associated with up-regulation of classical invertebrate immune pathways including RNA interference (RNAi), Toll, and Jak-STAT (Janus kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription). In addition, WNV exposure alone, without the establishment of infection, results in similar alterations to microbial and immune signatures, although to a lesser extent. Multiple bacterial genera were found in greater abundance inWNV-exposed and/or infected mosquitoes, yet the most consistent and notable was the genus Serratia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.