ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2015
Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic aspects of surgical subcutaneous fat removal: An umbrella review and implications for future research.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Pooled it
- High-salt diet in macrophage-associated metabolic disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Associations of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and a Body Shape Index with Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Negative correlation between microRNA and insulin sensitivity gene expression in adipose tissue: potential implications for diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Obesity Severity on Circulating Inflammatory Mediators and Immune Cell Gene Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between white matter lesions, adiposity, and systemic inflammation in late adulthood: Results from the IGNITE study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Urinary Proteomics as a Noninvasive Readout of Obesity-associated Inflammation.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Obesity and type 2 diabetes as chronic inflammation: how does the cytokine evidence align?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Examining the interplay between sdLDL, resistin, and BMI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interleukin-2 Receptor as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Paediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease or Hypertension.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of knee osteoarthritis attributable to high BMI: a systematic analysis from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Chinese visceral adipose index is more closely associated with risk of arterial stiffness than traditional obesity indicators: a cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- The Role of microRNA in the Regulation of Cortisol Metabolism in the Adipose Tissue in the Course of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Consequences of COVID-19 on Adipose Tissue Signatures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- AGER-1 Long Non-Coding RNA Levels Correlate with the Expression of the Advanced Glycosylation End-Product Receptor, a Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Women with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota induces weight gain and inflammation in the gut and adipose tissue independent of manipulations in diet, genetics, and immune development.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- The Influence of Dietary Interventions on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Subjects.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excess adiposity is associated with chronic inflammation, which takes part in the development of obesity-related complications. The aim of this study was to establish whether subcutaneous (SAT) or visceral (VAT) adipose tissue plays a major role in synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concentrations of interleukins (IL): 1β, 6, 8 and 15 were measured at the protein level by an ELISA-based method and on the mRNA level by real-time PCR in VAT and SAT samples obtained from 49 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m²) and 16 normal-weight (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m²) controls. IL-6 and IL-15 protein concentrations were higher in SAT than in VAT for both obese (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and control individuals (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively), while for IL-1β this was observed only in obese subjects (p = 0.047). What characterized obese individuals was the higher expression of IL-6 and IL-15 at the protein level in VAT compared to normal-weight controls (p = 0.047 and p = 0.016, respectively). Additionally, obese individuals with metabolic syndrome had higher IL-1β levels in VAT than did obese individuals without this syndrome (p = 0.003). In conclusion, concentrations of some pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in SAT than in VAT, but it was the increased pro-inflammatory activity of VAT that was associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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