ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2015
Elevated Expression and Pro-Inflammatory Activity of IL-36 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-36 mediates immune activation in Sjögren's disease and may represent a novel biomarker of disease.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Upregulation and diagnostic potential of Interleukin-36 cytokine isoforms in dilated cardiomyopathy: evidence from human and murine models.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Enhancing the treatment potential of IL-17 antagonism in lupus nephritis: finding the right partner.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dichotomous roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of IL-36 and 37 in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis reveals the crosstalk genes and immune relationship between the systemic lupus erythematosus and venous thromboembolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases.Advances in therapy · 2022Review
- IL-36γ in enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with disease activity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- IL-36 cytokines imprint a colitogenic phenotype on CD4Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Increased Levels of Interleukin-36 in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Fuel Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Inducing Its Own Expression and Release by Adipocytes and Macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Compartmentalization of interleukin 36 subfamily according to inducible and constitutive expression in the kidneys of a murine autoimmune nephritis model.Cell and tissue research · 2021Article
- Elevated levels of serum IL-36α in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Biomedical reports · 2021Article
- Reduced concentrations of the B cell cytokine interleukin 38 are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in overweight subjects.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- IkBζ is a Key Regulator of Tumour Necrosis Factor-a and Interleukin-17A-mediated Induction of Interleukin-36g in Human Keratinocytes.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Article
- Serum IL-36 cytokines levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their association with obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Article
- IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- The Role of IL-36 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Altered serum levels of IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra) and their potential roles in Guillain-Barré syndrome.Medicine · 2020Article
- Increased serum IL-36γ levels are associated with disease severity in myasthenia gravis patients.BMC neurology · 2020Article
- IL-38: A New Player in Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders.Biomolecules · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the expression and proinflammatory activity of interleukin (IL)-36 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The expression level of IL-36, its putative receptors and the frequency of CD19⁺CD24(high)CD27⁺ regulatory B (Breg) lymphocytes of peripheral blood from 43 SLE patients and 16 normal control (NC) subjects were studied using ELISA and flow cytometry. Plasma cytokines/chemokines and ex vivo productions of cytokine/chemokine from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with recombinant IL-36 were determined by Luminex multiplex assay. Plasma concentrations of IL-36α, IL-36γ and the proportions of circulating IL-36R-positive CD19⁺ B lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes and PBMC were significantly increased in active SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.05). Plasma IL-36α and IL-36γ correlated positively with SLE disease activity and elevated plasma IL-10 concentration (all p < 0.05). The frequencies of circulating Breg lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes and PBMC were significantly decreased in both inactive and active SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.01). The frequency of Breg lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes correlated negatively with the proportion of IL-36R-positive B lymphocytes (p < 0.05). IL-36α exerted substantial proinflammatory effect in PBMC from SLE patients by inducing the production of IL-6 and CXCL8. Upon stimulation with IL-36α and IL-36γ, ex vivo productions of IL-6 and CXCL8 were significantly increased in SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.05). This cross-sectional study demonstrated that over expression of circulating IL-36α may exert a proinflammatory effect as observed in human SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.