ArticleThe neuroradiology journal2015
Childhood posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Magnetic resonance imaging findings with emphasis on increased leptomeningeal FLAIR signal.
Article in The neuroradiology journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Management of non-vestibular schwannomas in adult patients: a systematic review and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section Part II: Trigeminal and facial nerve schwannomas (CN V, VII).Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children - a summary of 20 years of tertiary neurology centre experience.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Leading to Diagnosis of Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.Case reports in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with L-Asparaginase Treatment in Children: Literature Review and Six Case Reports.Current drug safety · 2025Review
- Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging patterns and perfusion changes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with clinical outcome correlation.Pediatric radiology · 2024Observational
- Imaging Findings in Neonatal and Pediatric Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Differ From Adults.Pediatric neurology · 2022Article
- Hypertensive crisis in children and adolescents.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2019Review
- Postpartum Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Three Case Reports and Literature Review.Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Paediatric brainstem: A comprehensive review of pathologies on MR imaging.Insights into imaging · 2016Review
- [Research advances of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiologic syndrome characterized clinically by headache, seizures, and altered sensorium and radiological changes which are usually reversible. The purpose of this study was to describe the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in childhood PRES, to determine the common etiologies for childhood PRES, and to have an insight into the pathophysiology of PRES.
methodsThe MRI results of 20 clinically diagnosed cases of PRES between July 2011 and June 2013 were reviewed. The final diagnosis of PRES was based on the clinical presentation and the MRI features at the time of presentation, which resolved on the follow-up imaging. The medical records of the patients were reviewed to determine the underlying medical disease.
resultsEight out of the 20 patients included in the study were on cyclosporine or tacrolimus based immunosuppressant therapy for kidney transplant. Four patients had severe hypertension at presentation. The most common MRI finding was high T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal in the cortex and subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemispheres, particularly in the parietal and occipital lobes (n=16). The second most common MRI finding was increased leptomeningeal FLAIR signal (n=7). Out of seven patients with leptomeningeal signal, five demonstrated leptomeningeal enhancement as well. Four out of these seven patients had no other parenchymal findings.
conclusionChildhood PRES is commonly seen in the setting of immunosuppressant therapy for kidney transplant, severe hypertension and cancer treatment. There was high incidence of increased leptomeningeal FLAIR signal and leptomeningeal enhancement in our study. It supports the current theory of endothelial injury with increased microvascular permeability as the potential pathophysiology of PRES. Also, absence of elevated blood pressure in majority of the patients in our study supports the theory of direct endothelial injury by some agents leading to vasogenic edema.
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