ReviewArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2015
S100A12 and the S100/Calgranulins: Emerging Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis and Possibly Therapeutic Targets.
Review in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 proteins in IgA vasculitis and other systemic vasculitides - from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical biomarkers: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Atorvastatin Reduces Circulating S100A12 Levels in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques - A Link with Plaque Inflammation.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2022Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D Receptor Activation on the AGE/RAGE System and Myeloperoxidase in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Trial
- S100A8/A9 and S100A12 Proteins and Macrophage Polarization: Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic insights into the co-occurring psychological symptoms and cardiovascular risks among military service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury: A LIMBIC-CENC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Novel cardiac biomarkers (serum S100A12 (Calgranulin C), FSTL1 (Follistatin-like 1), and osteocalcin) in patients with acute chest pain.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- S100A12 drives inflammatory and metabolic reprogramming in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Elevated acute-phase plasma levels of S100A12 [EN-RAGE] are associated with vascular recurrence after ischemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Association of Copper with Atherosclerosis and Treatment Strategies.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
- Modulation of Aging Diseases via RAGE Targets: A Dietary Intervention Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advanced glycation end-product receptor gene (RAGE) polymorphisms in patients with acute coronary syndrome - a case-control study in the Polish population.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Neutrophil-mediated effects of S100A12 on major adverse cardiovascular events: Insights from the UK biobank.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Circulating protein biomarkers and their association with vulnerable plaque characteristics - a PROSPECT II substudy.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in diseases: implications for therapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Determining the biomarkers and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction combined with ankylosing spondylitis via a systems biology approach.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Article
- Targeted proteomic biomarker profiling using NULISA in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Association between S100A12 and risk of peripheral arterial disease in patients with dyslipidemia: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Pathological role of RAGE underlying progression of various diseases: its potential as biomarker and therapeutic target.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Advances in S100 protein family for gynecological malignancies.Discover oncology · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is mediated by local and systematic inflammation. The multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been studied in animals and humans and is an important mediator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on S100/calgranulin proteins (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12) and their receptor RAGE in mediating vascular inflammation. Mice lack the gene for S100A12, which in humans is located on chromosome 3 between S100A8 and S100A9. Transgenic mice with smooth muscle cell-targeted expression of S100A12 demonstrate increased coronary and aortic calcification, as well as increased plaque vulnerability. Serum S100A12 has recently been shown to predict future cardiovascular events in a longitudinal population study, underscoring a role for S100A12 as a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease. Genetic ablation of S100A9 or RAGE in atherosclerosis-susceptible apolipoprotein E null mice results in reduced atherosclerosis. Importantly, S100A12 and the RAGE axis can be modified pharmacologically. For example, soluble RAGE reduces murine atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Additionally, a class of compounds currently in phase III clinical trials for multiple sclerosis and rheumatologic conditions, the quinoline-3-carboxamides, reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden and complexity in transgenic S100A12 apolipoprotein E null mice, but have not been tested with regards to human atherosclerosis. The RAGE axis is an important mediator for inflammation-induced atherosclerosis, and S100A12 has emerged as biomarker for human atherosclerosis. Decreasing inflammation by inhibiting S100/calgranulin-mediated activation of RAGE attenuates murine atherosclerosis, and future studies in patients with coronary artery disease are warranted to confirm S100/RAGE as therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.