ArticlePlant physiology2015
An Intracellular Laccase Is Responsible for Epicatechin-Mediated Anthocyanin Degradation in Litchi Fruit Pericarp.
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Article in Plant physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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60 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preharvest CPPU Application Improves Litchi Fruit Storability via Modification of Hormone Profiles and Maintenance of Recalcitrant Seed Vigor.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tissue-Specific Browning in Postharvest Litchi Fruit: Comparative Analysis of the Pericarp, Aril, and Seeds.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond a simple oxidation reaction: the complex molecular network regulating fruit and vegetable browning.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal That Proanthocyanidin Treatment Delays Pericarp Browning of Litchi Fruit.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of laccase family members in Solanum lycopersicum.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic dynamics of litchi pericarp and pulp during browning: Unraveling differential profiles through temporal clustering and untargeted metabolomics.Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comparing Four Red/Green-Leafed Vegetables Reveals the Complementary Photoprotective Roles of Anthocyanin Accumulation and Chlorophyllase.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Revealed Molecular Cascade Events During the Enzymatic Browning of Potato Tubers After Cutting.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gene Expression and Enzyme Kinetics of Polyphenol Oxidases in Strawberry and Their Possible Involvement in Enzymatic Browning Reactions in Strawberry Nectar.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms driving the unusual pigmentation shift during eggplant fruit development.Plant communications · 2025Article
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- Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the browning of walnut endocarps.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Treatment Maintains the Postharvest Quality of Litchi Fruit by Inducing Antioxidant Capacity.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identification of Grape Laccase Genes and Their Potential Role in Secondary Metabolite Synthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Anthocyanidin Reductase Gene Family in Lychee (Genes · 2024Article
- Water Supply via Pedicel Reduces Postharvest Pericarp Browning of Litchi (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Hypermethylation in the promoter regions of flavonoid pathway genes is associated with skin color fading during 'Daihong' apple fruit development.Horticulture research · 2024Article
- Dynamic changes to the plant cuticle include the production of volatile cuticular wax-derived compounds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Contribution of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Chemical Composition and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Color Formation in Tea (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Fang FangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Xue-lian ZhangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Hong-hui LuoState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-0651
Jia-jian ZhouState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-0791
Yi-hui GongState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Wen-jun LiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Zhao-wan ShiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Quan HeState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Qing WuState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Lu LiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Lin-lin JiangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Zhi-gao CaiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Michal Oren-ShamirState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.).
Zhao-qi ZhangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.) xqpang@scau.edu.cn zqzhang@scau.edu.cn.
Xue-qun PangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture (Y.G., Z.Z.), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China (F.F.); andDepartment of Ornamental Horticulture, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (M.O.-S.) xqpang@scau.edu.cn zqzhang@scau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-2152
South China Agricultural University · CNAgricultural Research Organization · ILHezhou University · CN
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In contrast to the detailed molecular knowledge available on anthocyanin synthesis, little is known about its catabolism in plants. Litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit lose their attractive red color soon after harvest. The mechanism leading to quick degradation of anthocyanins in the pericarp is not well understood. An anthocyanin degradation enzyme (ADE) was purified to homogeneity by sequential column chromatography, using partially purified anthocyanins from litchi pericarp as a substrate. The purified ADE, of 116 kD by urea SDS-PAGE, was identified as a laccase (ADE/LAC). The full-length complementary DNA encoding ADE/LAC was obtained, and a polyclonal antibody raised against a deduced peptide of the gene recognized the ADE protein. The anthocyanin degradation function of the gene was confirmed by its transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves. The highest ADE/LAC transcript abundance was in the pericarp in comparison with other tissues, and was about 1,000-fold higher than the polyphenol oxidase gene in the pericarp. Epicatechin was found to be the favorable substrate for the ADE/LAC. The dependence of anthocyanin degradation by the enzyme on the presence of epicatechin suggests an ADE/LAC epicatechin-coupled oxidation model. This model was supported by a dramatic decrease in epicatechin content in the pericarp parallel to anthocyanin degradation. Immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy suggested that ADE/LAC is located mainly in the vacuole, with essential phenolic substances. ADE/LAC vacuolar localization, high expression levels in the pericarp, and high epicatechin-dependent anthocyanin degradation support its central role in pigment breakdown during pericarp browning.
Indexed as
AnthocyaninsCatechinCatechol OxidaseFruitLaccaseLitchiModels, MolecularNicotianaOxidation-ReductionPhenolsPhylogenyPlant LeavesPlant ProteinsAnthocyaninsCatechinCatechol OxidaseLaccasePhenolsPlant Proteins
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