SynthesisPloS one2015
A Systematic Review of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Small Non-Community Drinking Water Systems in Canada and the United States.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- 100 Years of Drinking Water Outbreak Surveillance: Trends and Influence, United States, 1920-2020.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- QMRA for assessing treatment needs of surface water for drinking: trends and challenges in fecal pathogen quantification.Journal of water and health · 2025Review
- Point-of-use chlorine residuals and disinfection byproduct occurrences in rural households served by public water utilities in Appalachian Virginia.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Clinical and Genomic Investigation of an International Ceftriaxone- and Azithromycin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Cluster among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Montréal, Canada 2017-2019.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Rapid measurement of waterborne bacterial viability based on difunctional gold nanoprobe.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Waterborne diseases and ethnic-related disparities: A 10 years nationwide mortality and burden of disease analysis from Ecuador.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Surface Water Intrusion, Land Use Impacts, and Bacterial Community Composition in Shallow Groundwater Wells Supplying Potable Water in Sparsely Populated Areas of a Boreal Region.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Twenty years of waterborne and related disease reports in Florida, USA.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing-based subtyping methods for the surveillance ofMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- 'Evidence for waterborne origin of an extended mixed gastroenteritis outbreak in a town in Northern Greece, 2019'.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Quantitative Detection of Human Adenovirus and Human Rotavirus Group A in Wastewater and El-Rahawy Drainage Canal Influencing River Nile in the North of Giza, Egypt.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Gastroenteric Viruses Detection in a Drinking Water Distribution-to-Consumption System in a Low-Income Community in Rio de Janeiro.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Private Wells and Rural Health: Groundwater Contaminants of Emerging Concern.Current environmental health reports · 2020Review
- A DiarrhoeagenicInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Use of systematic epidemiological methods in outbreak investigations from India, 2008-2016: A systematic review.Clinical epidemiology and global health · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae associated with the 2017 outbreak in Kasese district, Uganda.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Population density and water balance influence the global occurrence of hepatitis E epidemics.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Food-borne and water-borne diseases under climate change in low- and middle-income countries: Further efforts needed for reducing environmental health exposure risks.Acta tropica · 2019Review
- Viability RT-qPCR Combined with Sodium Deoxycholate Pre-treatment for Selective Quantification of Infectious Viruses in Drinking Water Samples.Food and environmental virology · 2019Article
- A REVIEW OF WATER QUALITY RESPONSES TO AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION CHANGES 2: NUTRIENTS, ALGAL BLOOMS, SEDIMENT, PATHOGENS.Journal of the American Water Resources Association · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReports of outbreaks in Canada and the United States (U.S.) indicate that approximately 50% of all waterborne diseases occur in small non-community drinking water systems (SDWSs). Summarizing these investigations to identify the factors and conditions contributing to outbreaks is needed in order to help prevent future outbreaks.
objectivesThe objectives of this study were to: 1) identify published reports of waterborne disease outbreaks involving SDWSs in Canada and the U.S. since 1970; 2) summarize reported factors contributing to outbreaks, including water system characteristics and events surrounding the outbreaks; and 3) identify terminology used to describe SDWSs in outbreak reports.
methodsThree electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched for outbreak reports involving SDWSs throughout Canada and the U.S. from 1970 to 2014. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data related to water system characteristics and outbreak events. The data were analyzed descriptively with 'outbreak' as the unit of analysis.
resultsFrom a total of 1,995 citations, we identified 50 relevant articles reporting 293 unique outbreaks. Failure of an existing water treatment system (22.7%) and lack of water treatment (20.2%) were the leading causes of waterborne outbreaks in SDWSs. A seasonal trend was observed with 51% of outbreaks occurring in summer months (p<0.001). There was large variation in terminology used to describe SDWSs, and a large number of variables were not reported, including water source and whether water treatment was used (missing in 31% and 66% of reports, respectively).
conclusionsMore consistent reporting and descriptions of SDWSs in future outbreak reports are needed to understand the epidemiology of these outbreaks and to inform the development of targeted interventions for SDWSs. Additional monitoring of water systems that are used on a seasonal or infrequent basis would be worthwhile to inform future protection efforts.
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