ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2015
The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Purification and Thioflavin T Staining of Bacillus spp. Endospores for Fluorescence-Based Assays.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Immunostimulatory activity of inactivated environmental Bacillus isolates and their endospores.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cryo-EM identifies F-ENA of Bacillus thuringiensis as a widespread family of endospore appendages across Firmicutes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Real-time nanoscale investigation of spore coat assembly in Bacillus subtilis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cryo-EM analysis of the Bacillus thuringiensis extrasporal matrix identifies F-ENA as a widespread family of endospore appendages across Firmicutes.Research square · 2025Article
- Cryo-EM analysis of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and Genomic Insights Into Bacillus spp. and Peribacillus spp. of Spanish Olive Groves With Biotechnological Potential.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Ectopical expression of bacterial collagen-like protein supports its role as adhesin in host-parasite coevolution.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Clostridioides difficile Sporulation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- SpoIVA is an essential morphogenetic protein for the formation of heat- and lysozyme-resistant spores inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Analysis of Sporulation inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Structure and function of the EA1 surface layer of Bacillus anthracis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A sporulation signature protease is required for assembly of the spore surface layers, germination and host colonization in Clostridioides difficile.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A new fluorescence-based approach for direct visualization of coat formation during sporulation in Bacillus cereus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Giving a signal: how protein phosphorylation helps Bacillus navigate through different life stages.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Targeting the Impossible: A Review of New Strategies against Endospores.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sporulation conditions influence the surface and adhesion properties ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Roles and Organization of BxpB (ExsFA) and ExsFB in the Exosporium Outer Basal Layer of Bacillus anthracis.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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Abstract
Much of what we know regarding bacterial spore structure and function has been learned from studies of the genetically well-characterized bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Molecular aspects of spore structure, assembly, and function are well defined. However, certain bacteria produce spores with an outer spore layer, the exosporium, which is not present on B. subtilis spores. Our understanding of the composition and biological functions of the exosporium layer is much more limited than that of other aspects of the spore. Because the bacterial spore surface is important for the spore's interactions with the environment, as well as being the site of interaction of the spore with the host's innate immune system in the case of spore-forming bacterial pathogens, the exosporium is worthy of continued investigation. Recent exosporium studies have focused largely on members of the Bacillus cereus family, principally Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Our understanding of the composition of the exosporium, the pathway of its assembly, and its role in spore biology is now coming into sharper focus. This review expands on a 2007 review of spore surface layers which provided an excellent conceptual framework of exosporium structure and function (A. O. Henriques and C. P. Moran, Jr., Annu Rev Microbiol 61:555-588, 2007, http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224). That review began a process of considering outer spore layers as an integrated, multilayered structure rather than simply regarding the outer spore components as independent parts.
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