ArticleThe Laryngoscope2016
Adenoidal follicular T helper cells provide stronger B-cell help than those from tonsils.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Association between childhood tonsillectomy and increased risk of autoimmune disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Boosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Immune organoids: emerging platforms for modeling and analyzing human adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Age-group-specific associations between adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy and craniofacial features.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Review
- Adenoid lymphocyte heterogeneity in pediatric adenoid hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Is There a Difference between the Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Children Submitted to Adenotonsillectomy?International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- IL-17A expression in the adenoid tissue from children with sleep disordered breathing and its association with pneumococcal carriage.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Differential changes in the adenoids and tonsils in Japanese children and teenagers: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Differences in Tfh Cell Response Between the Graft and Spleen With Chronic Allograft Nephropathy.Cell transplantation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectives/hypothesisThe tonsils and adenoids are secondary lymphoid organs, where antigen processing and immune cell development occur to control bacterial colonization and infection in the upper respiratory tract. Both organs are abundant in follicular T helper cells (TFH), a subset of T cells specialized for promoting B-cell development. There are no prior studies on differences between the immune cells of the tonsils and adenoids and whether the cells function differently. STUDY
designIn vitro assays to assess cell phenotype of tonsils and adenoids from young children (median age = 40 months).
methodsMononuclear cells from tonsils and adenoids were cultured with or without 1 µg/mL Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) for 4 days. Cell phenotype and function were assessed by flow cytometry and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsWe found that in resting adenoids, TFH expressed higher CXCR5 and inducible costimulator but lower PD-1 than those from the tonsils, and that adenoidal B cells expressed higher CD27. Upon polyclonal stimulation with SEB, both TFH and B cells from the adenoids proliferated to a greater extent, and culture supernatants contained higher levels of interleukin 21.
conclusionsWe conclude that the cells of the adenoid are disposed toward the provision of more robust B-cell help than the tonsils. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.
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