SynthesisMaternal and child health journal2016
The Influence of Women's Empowerment on Child Immunization Coverage in Low, Lower-Middle, and Upper-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Maternal and child health journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of women's empowerment with childhood immunisation coverage in South and Southeast Asia: meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys data from 11 countries.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of women's empowerment with neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality in low- and /middle-income countries: meta-analysis of individual participant data from 59 countries.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- "Is there a link between women's empowerment and childhood vaccination?": A multilevel analysis using the Philippines Demographic and Health Survey Data 2017 and 2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Gender-Associated Factors on the Occurrence and Prevalence of Zero-Dose Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Literature Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Women's Empowerment and Gender-Related Factors Associated with Maternal Tetanus Protection in 39 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Using the Social-Ecological Model to Assess Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal in a Highly Religious Lower-Middle-Income Country.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring economic empowerment and gender issues in Lesotho's Child Grants Programme: a qualitative study.Health policy and planning · 2024Review
- Exploring health equity in Lesotho's Child Grants Programme.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Using cash transfers to promote child health equity: an analysis of Lesotho's Child Grants Program.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Oral and Inactivated Polio Vaccine Coverage and Determinants of Coverage Inequality Among the Most At-Risk Populations in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between maternal decision-making and mental health and the nutritional status of children under 6 years of age in sub-urban Nigeria.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Women's Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAn estimated 1.5 million children under five die annually from vaccine preventable diseases, and 17% of these deaths can be averted with vaccination. Predictors of immunization coverage, such as maternal schooling, are well documented; yet, preventable under-five mortality persists. To understand these patterns, researchers are exploring the mother-child relationship through an empowerment framework. This systematic review assesses evidence of the relationship between women's agency as a component of empowerment and vaccine completion among children <5 years in lower-income countries.
methodsWe searched in Socindex, Pubmed, Web of Science and Women's Studies International for peer-reviewed articles focused on two measures of women's agency-decision-making and freedom of movement-and child vaccination. Our initial search identified 406 articles and abstracts for screening; 12 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
resultsA majority (83%) of studies revealed at least one positive association of measures for women's agency with immunization coverage. These relationships varied by geographic location, and most studies focused on women's decision making rather than freedom of movement. No included study came from Latin America or the Middle East.
conclusionsOverall, women's agency, typically measured by decision-making, was positively associated with the odds of complete childhood immunizations. Yet, the concept of agency was inconsistently defined and operationalized. Future research should address these inconsistencies and focus on under-represented geographic regions including Latin America and the Middle East.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.