SynthesisBMC cancer2015
The importance of extranodal extension in penile cancer: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Near-infrared fluorescence-assisted superficial inguinal lymph-node excision for low-risk penile cancer.World journal of urology · 2024Trial
- Article
- Proposal of a Subclassification of pN3 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Deep Inguinal Lymph Node Metastases Can Predict Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases and Prognosis in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Extranodal Extension as an Independent Prognostic factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.Journal of Cancer · 2020Article
- Tumor Microenvironment in Penile Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Prognostic Implications of Extranodal Extension in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Location.Cancer research and treatment · 2019Article
- Treatment Trends and Outcomes for Patients With Lymph Node-Positive Cancer of the Penis.JAMA oncology · 2018Article
- Extranodal extension status is a powerful prognostic factor in stage III colorectal cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Lymph Nodes With Germinal Centers Are Not Associated With Tumor Response After Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Clinical pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe role of extranodal extension (ENE) in penile cancer is controversial and has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of ENE in predicting prognosis and presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in penile cancer patients.
methodsWe searched related studies in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were directly extracted or indirectly estimated from the included studies.
resultsA total of ten studies with 1,142 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with ENE showed a worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.90, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-2.67, P = 0.0002) and overall survival (HR = 4.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-16.1, P = 0.05) than those without ENE. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the predictive value of ENE for CSS in penile cancer patients was significant regardless of the study's country of origin, but not in the subgroup with shorter follow-up time (<36 months, P = 0.38). Patients with ENE also showed a higher incidence of presenting with PLNM (OR = 4.95, 95 % CI = 2.58-9.49, P < 0.001). A stratified analysis demonstrated that the predictive role of ENE for PLNM was only detected in studies with a larger sample size (> 100 cases). No significant publication bias was observed, as suggested by Begg's and Egger's tests.
conclusionsENE is associated with worse prognosis and high risk of PLNM in penile cancer patients. Due to the limited number of studies included in this meta-analysis, a large-scale, well-designed study will be required to verify our results.
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