Observational studyOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2016
Serum total estradiol, but not testosterone is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected men: a cross-sectional, observational study.
Observational study in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty in HIV-Positive Patients: Precision Surgery for a Changing Epidemic.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Breaking Down Bone Disease in People Living with HIV: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Sarcopenic obesity and reduced BMD in young men living with HIV: body composition and sex steroids interplay.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Observational
- Effect of Oral Bisphosphonates on Vertebral Fractures in Males Living with HIV: A Seven Year Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Update on acquired hypogonadism in men living with HIV: pathogenesis, clinic, and treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Impact of hypogonadism on bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in HIV-infected men.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Sex-specific Estrogen Levels and Reference Intervals from Infancy to Late Adulthood Determined by LC-MS/MS.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Endocrinological aspects of HIV infection.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Review
- Low plasma PDGF-BB levels are associated with estradiol in postmenopausal osteoporosis: PDGF-BB mediated by estradiol in women.The Journal of international medical research · 2017Article
- Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Review
- Occurrence, patterns & predictors of hypogonadism in patients with HIV infection in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2017Article
- Article
- Prevalence of osteo-renal impairment in the Romanian HIV cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
summaryBy investigating the relationship between serum testosterone, estradiol, and bone mineral density (BMD) in a large cohort of HIV-infected men, estradiol was associated with BMD, relative estrogen deficiency being involved in bone loss in men with hypogonadism, in addition to all HIV-related factors. Increased aromatization in adipose tissue does not counteract HIV-related bone loss.
introductionThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum testosterone, estradiol, and BMD in a large cohort of HIV-infected men.
methodsWe investigated biochemical, hormonal parameters, and BMD in 1204 HIV-infected men (age 45.64 ± 7.33 years) participating in a cross-sectional, observational study. Among other parameters, the main outcome measures were serum total testosterone and estradiol, gonadotropins, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorous, femoral, and lumbar BMD.
resultsIn men with HIV, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia is 15.1 and 63.2% with 25(OH)D insufficiency being very common (60.1%). After age adjustment, BMD is positively associated with estradiol, but not testosterone, at linear (p < 0.001) and stepwise (p < 0.05) multiple regression. Lumbar BMD significantly increases across the estradiol quartiles but not among testosterone quartiles. Femoral and lumbar BMD are significantly higher in men with estradiol ≥ 27 pg/mL than in those with estradiol <27 pg/mL. Apart from estradiol, only age, calcium, and BMI predict BMD at stepwise linear multiple regression, but the strength of this association is weak.
conclusionsEstradiol, but not testosterone, is associated with BMD in HIV-infected men and exerts a protective role on bone especially when it is above 27 pg/mL. Relative estrogen deficiency is a potential mechanism involved in bone loss in hypogonadal HIV-infected men, in addition to all HIV-related factors. Increased aromatization in adipose tissue does not counteract HIV-related bone loss. Finally, reduced BMD in young-to-middle-aged HIV-infected men might be considered a peculiar hallmark of HIV infection due to its relevant prevalence, representing one of the several pieces composing the complicated puzzle of premature aging related to HIV infection.
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