Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26510711›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2015

Are free anti-tuberculosis drugs enough? An empirical study from three cities in China.

Shanquan Chen, Hui Zhang, Yao Pan, Qian Long, Li Xiang, Lan Yao, Henry Lucas

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shanquan ChenThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. shanquan0301@gmail.com.
Hui ZhangNational Center for TB Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, PR China. zhanghui@chinatb.org.
Yao PanThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. panyao0301@163.com.
Qian LongDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. qian.long@dku.edu.cn.
Li XiangSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. xllyf@126.com.
Lan YaoSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. lanyao@vip.163.com.
Henry LucasInstitute of Development Studies, Sussex University, Brighton, UK. h.lucas@ids.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTuberculosis (TB) patients in China still face a number of barriers in seeking diagnosis and treatment. There is evidence that the economic burden on TB patients and their households discourages treatment compliance.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of China. Patients were selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) cluster sampling of rural townships or urban streets, followed by list sampling from a patient register. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions with TB patients to gain an understanding of the economic burden of TB and implications of this burden for treatment compliance.

resultsA total of 797 TB patients were surveyed, of which 60 were interviewed in-depth following the survey. More than half had catastrophic health expenditure. TB patients with higher household incomes were less likely to report non-compliance (OR 0.355, 95 % CI 0.140-0.830) and patients who felt that the economic burden relating to TB treatment was high more likely to report non-compliance (OR 3.650, 95 % CI 1.278-12.346). Those who had high costs for transportation, lodging and food were also more likely to report non-compliance (OR 4.150, 95 % CI 1.804-21.999). The findings from the qualitative studies supported those from the survey.

conclusionThe economic burden associated with seeking diagnosis and treatment remains a barrier for TB patients in China. Reducing the cost of treatment and giving patients subsidies for transportation, lodging and food is likely to improve treatment compliance. Improving doctors' salary system to cut off the revenue-oriented incentive, and expanding current insurance's coverage can be helpful to reduce patients' actual burden or anticipated burden. Future research on this issue is needed.

Indexed as

Antitubercular AgentsCitiesPublic Health SurveillanceAdultAgedChinaCost of IllnessDrug CostsFemaleHealth ExpendituresHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient ComplianceSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesAntitubercular Agents

Identifiers

PMID26510711
PMCPMC4625923

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.