ArticlePloS one2015
Global and Regional Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infections in 2012.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 350 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
350 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 642 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biofluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review by the Targeting Cognition and Older-Age Bipolar Disorder ISBD Task Forces.Bipolar disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Global prevalence of herpes simplex virus among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical phenotype and outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2025Pooled it
- Estimated global and regional incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and genital ulcer disease in 2020: mathematical modelling analyses.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Pooled it
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- First-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation trial of the anti-herpes simplex virus monoclonal antibody HDIT101 in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Among African Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, a Copper Intrauterine Device, or a Levonorgestrel Implant for Contraception: A Nested Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Comparative Evaluation of CLIA and ELISA Serological Assays for HSV-1 IgG With Western Blot Confirmation in a Clinical Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Axonal entry and retrograde transport define HSV-1 latency establishment and reactivation potential in neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 With Dementia Outcomes: Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-World Electronic Health Record Data.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Article
- Manual Lymph Drainage Vodder (MLDV) Increases Facial Function in Bell's Palsy Patients.International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork · 2026Article
- Epithelial interferon-γ responsiveness shapes chemokine induction and clinical outcomes in herpes simplex virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Orolabial Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Viral Typing.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- HSV-1 Infection Differentially Modulates NPY and VIP Neuropeptide Expression in the Mouse Brain and in Human Neuronal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HVEM-LIGHT signaling promotes antibody-dependent neutrophil FcγR-mediated trogocytosis against herpes simplex virus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in Trigeminal Ganglia of Trafficked Neotropical Primates, Peru, 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Shingles-Like Cutaneous Manifestation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in a Young Male Patient: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 3 Months in Infants at Risk for Congenital Infections: A Cohort Study.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Observational
290 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers, while HSV-2 commonly causes genital ulcers. However, HSV-1 is an increasing cause of genital infection. Previously, the World Health Organization estimated the global burden of HSV-2 for 2003 and for 2012. The global burden of HSV-1 has not been estimated.
methodsWe fitted a constant-incidence model to pooled HSV-1 prevalence data from literature searches for 6 World Health Organization regions and used 2012 population data to derive global numbers of 0-49-year-olds with prevalent and incident HSV-1 infection. To estimate genital HSV-1, we applied values for the proportion of incident infections that are genital.
findingsWe estimated that 3709 million people (range: 3440-3878 million) aged 0-49 years had prevalent HSV-1 infection in 2012 (67%), with highest prevalence in Africa, South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Assuming 50% of incident infections among 15-49-year-olds are genital, an estimated 140 million (range: 67-212 million) people had prevalent genital HSV-1 infection, most of which occurred in the Americas, Europe and Western Pacific.
conclusionsThe global burden of HSV-1 infection is huge. Genital HSV-1 burden can be substantial but varies widely by region. Future control efforts, including development of HSV vaccines, should consider the epidemiology of HSV-1 in addition to HSV-2, and especially the relative contribution of HSV-1 to genital infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.