ArticleJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2015
Caffeine consumption and self-assessed stress, anxiety, and depression in secondary school children.
Article in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coffee, caffeine, and cardiovascular health: navigating risks and benefits-an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Caffeine intake and anxiety: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between dietary intake, diet quality and depressive symptoms in youth: A systematic review of observational studies.Health promotion perspectives · 2022Pooled it
- Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Decaffeinated green tea polyphenols supplementation had no adverse health effects in girls with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effect of Decaffeinated Green Tea Polyphenols on Body Fat and Precocious Puberty in Obese Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Trial
- The effects of energy drink consumption in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study and the recommendations of the Italian Pediatric Society.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Caffeine Consumption Pattern and Associated Side Effects and Withdrawal Syndromes Among University Students of Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Sleep Quality, Perceived Stress, and Premenstrual Syndrome Among Medical and Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Palestine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between academic stress and caffeine expectancy among medical students in Jeddah Saudi Arabia.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, side effects, and awareness about energy drink consumption among college students at a Saudi public university.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- The association between age at menarche and subsequent risk of chronic pain.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- A Cluster of Risks: Correlates of Energy Drink Consumption with Smoking, Diet, and Burnout in the Polish Adult Population.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Influence of different doses of caffeine consumption on stress levels among students enrolled in King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A mediation analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- The Associations Between Chronotype and Mental Health in Nursing Students.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gaming disorder and problematic caffeine consumption in adolescents: a narrative review and public health framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- The development and validation of Coffee Use Disorder and Coffee Addiction Scale (CUDCAS) and its correlation with insomnia and anxiety symptoms.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Common Questions and Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does the Scientific Evidence Really Show?Nutrients · 2024Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous research suggests that effects of caffeine on behaviour are positive unless one is investigating sensitive groups or ingestion of large amounts. Children are a potentially sensitive subgroup, and especially so considering the high levels of caffeine currently found in energy drinks. The present study used data from the Cornish Academies Project to investigate associations between caffeine (both its total consumption, and that derived separately from energy drinks, cola, tea, and coffee) and single-item measures of stress, anxiety, and depression, in a large cohort of secondary school children from the South West of England. After adjusting for additional dietary, demographic, and lifestyle covariates, positive associations between total weekly caffeine intake and anxiety and depression remained significant, and the effects differed between males and females. Initially, effects were also observed in relation to caffeine consumed specifically from coffee. However, coffee was found to be the major contributor to high overall caffeine intake, providing explanation as to why effects relating to this source were also apparent. Findings from the current study increase our knowledge regarding associations between caffeine intake and stress, anxiety, and depression in secondary school children, though the cross-sectional nature of the research made it impossible to infer causality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.