ArticlePharmaceutical research2016
Progressive Saturation Improves the Encapsulation of Functional Proteins in Nanoscale Polymer Vesicles.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polymersomes for Therapeutic Protein and Peptide Delivery: Towards Better Loading Properties.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Polymersomes Based Versatile Nanoplatforms for Controlled Drug Delivery and Imaging.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Review
- Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis?Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Formation and size distribution of self-assembled vesicles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo develop a technique that maximizes the encapsulation of functional proteins within neutrally charged, fully PEGylated and nanoscale polymer vesicles (i.e., polymersomes).
methodsThree conventional vesicle formation methods were utilized for encapsulation of myoglobin (Mb) in polymersomes of varying size, PEG length, and membrane thickness. Mb concentrations were monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Suspensions were subject to protease treatment to differentiate the amounts of surface-associated vs. encapsulated Mb. Polymersome sizes and morphologies were monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), respectively. Binding and release of oxygen were measured using a Hemeox analyzer.
resultsUsing the established "thin-film rehydration" and "direct hydration" methods, Mb was found to be largely surface-associated with negligible aqueous encapsulation within polymersome suspensions. Through iterative optimization, a novel "progressive saturation" technique was developed that greatly increased the final concentrations of Mb (from < 0.5 to > 2.0 mg/mL in solution), the final weight ratio of Mb-to-polymer that could be reproducibly obtained (from < 1 to > 4 w/w% Mb/polymer), as well as the overall efficiency of Mb encapsulation (from < 5 to > 90%). Stable vesicle morphologies were verified by cryo-TEM; the suspensions also displayed no signs of aggregate formation for > 2 weeks as assessed by DLS. "Progressive saturation" was further utilized for the encapsulation of a variety of other proteins, ranging in size from 17 to 450 kDa.
conclusionsCompared to established vesicle formation methods, "progressive saturation" increases the quantities of functional proteins that may be encapsulated in nanoscale polymersomes.
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Registered trials
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