ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2015
Craniula: A cranial window technique for prolonged imaging of brain surface vasculature with simultaneous adjacent intracerebral injection.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orally bioavailable CBResearch square · 2026Article
- The Optically Guided and Pre-assembled Implantation Cranial Window Reveals Cortical Spatial Representations during Navigation.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Shallow-angle intracranial cannula for repeated infusion andNeurophotonics · 2025Article
- Shallow-angle intracranial cannula for repeated infusion and in vivo imaging with multiphoton microscopy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Retro-orbital Sinus Injection Mouse Model to Study Early Events and Reorganization of the Astrocytic Network during Pneumococcal Meningitis.Bio-protocol · 2021Article
- Real-Time Imaging of Immune Modulation by Cannabinoids Using Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Review
- Through the looking glass: A review of cranial window technology for optical access to the brain.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2021Review
- Cellular correlates of gray matter volume changes in magnetic resonance morphometry identified by two-photon microscopy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Multimodal Optical Imaging to Investigate Spatiotemporal Changes in Cerebrovascular Function in AUDA Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Longitudinal in-vivo OCM imaging of glioblastoma development in the mouse brain.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes neuroinflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Article
- Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Formation and Resolution of Pial Microvascular Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2019Article
- Enhanced near infrared optical access to the brain with a transparent cranial implant and scalp optical clearing.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
- Evaluation of a transparent cranial implant as a permanent window for cerebral blood flow imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2018Article
- Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a blood-brain barrier protective and anti-inflammatory agent: implications for neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- PARP inhibition in leukocytes diminishes inflammation via effects on integrins/cytoskeleton and protects the blood-brain barrier.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImaging of the brain surface vasculature following inflammatory insults is critical to study structural and functional changes in the living brain under normal and pathological conditions. Although there have been published reports relating to the changes that occur in the blood brain barrier (BBB) during the inflammatory process, the ability to visualize and track such changes in vivo and over time has proven to be problematic. Different techniques have been used to achieve visualization of pial vessels, but the approach has limits, which can jeopardize the well-being of the animals. Development of the cranial window technique provided a major advance in the acquisition of live images of the brain vasculature and its response to different insults and treatments.
methodsWe describe in detail a protocol for delivery of a localized inflammatory insult to the mouse brain via a craniula (cranial window and adjacent cannula) and subsequent imaging of the mouse brain vasculature by intravital microscopy and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. The surgical implantation of the craniula can be completed in 30-45 min and images can be acquired immediately and for several months thereafter. The technique is minimally invasive and permits serial injections directly to the brain, thereby allowing longitudinal imaging studies. The craniula technique permits the study of structural and functional changes of the BBB following inflammatory insult and as such has wide application to neuroscience research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.