ArticleBMC public health2015
Insufficient access to harm reduction measures in prisons in 5 countries (PRIDE Europe): a shared European public health concern.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05649202 (Hepatitis C in Prison), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hepatitis C in Prison: Study of Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B/C in the countries of the EU/EEA: a systematic review of the prevalence among at-risk groups.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis C in Danish Prisons, 2022-2024: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Article
- Benefits and Limitations of Teledermatology in German Correctional Facilities: Cross-Sectional Analysis.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Univariable associations between a history of incarceration and HIV and HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs across 17 countries in Europe 2006 to 2020 - is the precautionary principle applicable?Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- The state of harm reduction in prisons in 30 European countries with a focus on people who inject drugs and infectious diseases.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- "My first 48 hours out": drug users' perspectives on challenges and strategies upon release from prison.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis E virus and reassessment of HIV and other hepatitis virus seroprevalences among French prison inmates.PloS one · 2019Article
- Medicine in the Penal System.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2018Review
- Medications for Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders and Risk of Suicidal Behavior, Accidental Overdoses, and Crime.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Article
- Understanding and Improving the Health of People Who Experience Incarceration: An Overview and Synthesis.Epidemiologic reviews · 2018Article
- Urgent action to fight hepatitis C in people who inject drugs in Europe.Hepatology, medicine and policy · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrisoners constitute a high-risk population, particularly for infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of infectious risk in the prisons of five different European countries by measuring to what extent the prison system adheres to WHO/UNODC recommendations.
methodsFollowing the methodology used in a previous French survey, a postal/electronic questionnaire was sent to all prisons in Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Italy to collect data on the availability of several recommended HIV-HCV prevention interventions and HBV vaccination for prisoners. A score was built to compare adherence to WHO/UNODC recommendations (considered a proxy of environmental infectious risk) in those 4 countries. It ranged from 0 (no adherence) to 12 (full adherence). A second score (0 to 9) was built to include data from a previous French survey, thereby creating a 5-country comparison.
resultsA majority of prisons answered in Austria (100 %), France (66 %) and Denmark (58 %), half in Belgium (50 %) and few in Italy (17 %), representing 100, 74, 89, 47 and 23 % coverage of the prison populations, respectively. Availability of prevention measures was low, with median adherence scores ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 at the national level. These results were confirmed when using the second score which included France in the inter-country comparison. Overall, the adherence score was inversely associated with prison overpopulation rates (p = 0.08).
conclusionsUsing a score of adherence to WHO/UNODC recommendations, the estimated environmental infectious risk remains extremely high in the prisons of the 5 European countries assessed. Public health strategies should be adjusted to comply with the principle of equivalence of care and prevention with the general community.
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