ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2015
Counterpoint: the treatment decision design.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Practical Guide to Implementing Real-World Evidence as Primary Basis for Approval and Label Expansion.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Target Trial Emulation in Observational Research-Strengths, Limitations, and Methodological Considerations.Journal of periodontal research · 2026Article
- Machine learning versus logistic regression for propensity score estimation: a trial emulation benchmarked against the PARADIGM-HF randomized trial.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of bisphosphonates vs denosumab in people with dementia or frailty post hip fracture: a multi-database cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Versus Logistic Regression for Propensity Score Estimation: A Benchmark Trial Emulation Against the PARADIGM-HF Randomized Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors for nephropathy in individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes undergoing treatment for hypertension: A retrospective analysis using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Annals of clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Propensity Score Methods for Confounding Control in Observational Studies of Therapeutics for COVID-19 Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- A Review of Causal Inference Methods for Estimating the Effects of Exposure Change When Incident Exposure Is Unobservable.Current epidemiology reports · 2024Article
- Bariatric surgery and all-cause mortality: A methodological review of studies using a non-surgical comparator.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Review
- Which heart failure patients benefit most from non-invasive telemedicine? An overview of current evidence and future directions.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2024Review
- Defining, measuring, and evaluating prenatal care in insurance claims data.Current epidemiology reports · 2024Article
- Changes in Hematologic Lab Measures Observed in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Treated with C5 Inhibitors, Ravulizumab and Eculizumab: Real-World Evidence from a US Based EMR Network.Hematology reports · 2023Article
- Controlling for Differential Regression-To-The-Mean via Propensity Scores: A Simulation Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- Approaches to Selecting "Time Zero" in External Control Arms with Multiple Potential Entry Points: A Simulation Study of 8 Approaches.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors vs. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Frail People With Diabetes Who Were Recently Hospitalized.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- When Can Nonrandomized Studies Support Valid Inference Regarding Effectiveness or Safety of New Medical Treatments?Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Review
- Clinical Effectiveness of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Regimens Among Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Collaboration of Cohort Studies in the United States and Canada.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- New-user and prevalent-user designs and the definition of study time origin in pharmacoepidemiology: A review of reporting practices.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The comparative new-user design is a principled approach to learning about the relative risks and benefits of starting different treatments in patients who have no history of use of the treatments being studied. Vandenbroucke and Pearce (Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(10):826-833) discuss some problems inherent in incident exposure designs and argue that epidemiology may be harmed by a rigid requirement that follow-up can only begin at first exposure. In the present counterpoint article, a range of problems in pharmacoepidemiology that do not necessarily require that observation begin at first exposure are discussed. For example, among patients who are past or current users of a medication, we might want to know whether treatment should be augmented, switched, restarted, or discontinued. To answer these questions, a generalization of the new-user design, the treatment decision design, which identifies cohorts anchored at times when treatment decisions are being made, such as the evaluation of laboratory parameters, is discussed. The design aims to provide estimates that are directly relevant to physicians and patients, helping them to better understand the risks and benefits of the different treatment choices that they are considering.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.