ReviewThe pharmacogenomics journal2016
Interethnic variation of CYP2C19 alleles, 'predicted' phenotypes and 'measured' metabolic phenotypes across world populations.
Review in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of probability estimates of worldwide variation of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Worldwide Distribution of Cytochrome P450 Alleles: A Meta-analysis of Population-scale Sequencing Projects.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Investigation of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase pathway to elucidate off-target prenatal effects of pharmaceuticals: a systematic review.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2016Pooled it
- The Effect of CYP2C19 and Nongenetic Factors on Clopidogrel Responsiveness in the MENA Region: A Systematic Review.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Trial
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: China Continuation study.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2017Trial
- Clobazam in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: from pharmacology to clinical practice.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association of Native American, European, and African Ancestry with CYP450 Pharmacogenetics and Metabolic Phenotypes in Admixed Latin American Populations from Ecuador and Nicaragua.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenetic, Clinical, Prescribing, and Demographic Predictors of Sertraline Pharmacokinetics.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Impact of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Inhibitor Use on Clopidogrel Clinical Effectiveness in CYP2C19 Genotyped Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Observational
- Observational
- Toward Optimal Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: What Can We Learn from a Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of the ACUTE-PRAS Study?Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- A functional ancestry-linked regulatory haplotype influences CYP2D6 expression.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- Influence ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Repositioning candidate gene approaches in the post-GWAS era: a clinical perspective from psychiatric pharmacogenetics.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Distribution ofFrontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Current Evidence on Voriconazole Exposure and Individualized Therapy for Aspergillosis.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Privacy-hardened and hallucination-resistant synthetic data generation with logic-solvers.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Empirical Drug Dosage Validates Pharmacogenomic Associations in All of Us.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Opportunities and Challenges of Population Pharmacogenomics.Annals of human genetics · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study evaluates the worldwide frequency distribution of CYP2C19 alleles and CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes ('predicted' from genotypes and 'measured' with a probe drug) among healthy volunteers from different ethnic groups and geographic regions, as well as the relationship between the 'predicted' and 'measured' CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes. A total of 52 181 healthy volunteers were studied within 138 selected original research papers. CYP2C19*17 was 42- and 24-fold more frequent in Mediterranean-South Europeans and Middle Easterns than in East Asians (P<0.001, in both cases). Contrarily, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles were more frequent in East Asians (30.26% and 6.89%, respectively), and even a twofold higher frequency of these alleles was found in Native populations from Oceania (61.30% and 14.42%, respectively; P<0.001, in all cases), which may be a consequence of genetic drift process in the Pacific Islands. Regarding CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype, poor metabolizers (PMs) were more frequent among Asians than in Europeans, contrarily to the phenomenon reported for CYP2D6. A correlation has been found between the frequencies of CYP2C19 poor metabolism 'predicted' from CYP2C19 genotypes (gPMs) and the poor metabolic phenotype 'measured' with a probe drug (mPMs) when subjects are either classified by ethnicity (r=0.94, P<0.001) or geographic region (r=0.99, P=0.002). Nevertheless, further research is needed in African and Asian populations, which are under-represented, and additional CYP2C19 variants and the 'measured' phenotype should be studied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.