ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Skin-Specific Unsaturated Fatty Acids Boost the Staphylococcus aureus Innate Immune Response.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial lipid structural diversity mediates commensalism and pathogenesis.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Reconstitution of the LnsAB lipoprotein N-acylation system complex from Staphylococcus aureus and characterization of substrate preference.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Host-driven remodelling of theMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- An anti-adhesive compound modulating the production of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall-anchored proteins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dual Mechanisms of Action of a Halogenated Allyl Fatty Acid against Methicillin-ResistantACS omega · 2025Article
- Characterizing theJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Anti-staphylococcal fatty acids: mode of action, bacterial resistance and implications for therapeutic application.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
- Lipophilic Extracts ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prophages divert Staphylococcus aureus defenses against host lipids.Journal of lipid research · 2024Article
- Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces IL-4/IL-13 from T cells to promote sebum secretion and adipose loss.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Reduced Glycolysis and Cytotoxicity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A type VII-secreted lipase toxin with reverse domain arrangement.Nature communications · 2023Article
- GehB Inactivates Lipoproteins to Delay the Healing of Acute Wounds Infected with Staphylococcus aureus.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Cassia alata (Linn.) leaves, stem, and root extracts against cellulitis causative agent Staphylococcus aureus.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- From an Hsp90 - binding protein to a peptide drug.microLife · 2023Article
- Vegetable Butters and Oils as Therapeutically and Cosmetically Active Ingredients for Dermal Use: A Review of Clinical Studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Branched chain fatty acid synthesis drives tissue-specific innate immune response and infection dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial fatty acids (AFAs) protect the human epidermis against invasion by pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we questioned whether human skin fatty acids (FAs) can be incorporated into the lipid moiety of lipoproteins and whether such incorporation would have an impact on innate immune stimulation in the model organism Staphylococcus aureus USA300 JE2. This organism synthesized only saturated FAs. However, when feeding USA300 with unsaturated FAs present on human skin (C16:1, C18:1, or C18:2), those were taken up, elongated stepwise by two carbon units, and finally found in the bacterial (phospho)lipid fraction. They were also observed in the lipid moiety of lipoproteins. When USA300 JE2 was fed with the unsaturated FAs, the cells and cell lysates showed an increased innate immune activation with various immune cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Immune activation was highest with linoleic acid (C18:2). There are several pieces of evidence that the enhanced immune stimulating effect was due to the incorporation of unsaturated FAs in lipoproteins. First, the enhanced stimulation was dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Second, an lgt mutant, unable to carry out lipidation of prolipoproteins, was unable to carry out immune stimulation when fed with unsaturated FAs. Third, the supplied FAs did not significantly affect growth, protein release, or expression of the model lipoprotein Lpl1. Although S. aureus is unable to synthesize unsaturated FAs, it incorporates long-chain unsaturated FAs into its lipoproteins, with the effect that the cells are better recognized by the innate immune system. This is an additional mechanism how our skin controls bacterial colonization and infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.