Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26500710›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of health education

Sources of cigarettes among adolescent smokers: Free or purchased?

Paul Jansen, Traci L Toomey, Toben F Nelson, Lindsey E A Fabian, Kathleen M Lenk, Jean L Forster

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of health education. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Paul JansenDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Traci L ToomeyDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Toben F NelsonDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Lindsey E A FabianDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Kathleen M LenkDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Jean L ForsterDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
Minnesota Department of Health · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

The Effects of Minnesota State and Local Programs on Young Adult Tobacco UseR01CA086191 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI FORSTER, JEAN · 2000 to 2013
$12.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA086191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have described youth cigarette sources in terms of whether the cigarettes were free or purchased. Understanding the different ways youth obtain tobacco can guide development of interventions to more effectively reduce youth smoking. PURPOSE: To determine the propensity for youth to purchase cigarettes versus obtain cigarettes for free, and the factors associated with each obtainment method.

methodsOur sample included 812 youth ages 12-17 who reported ever smoking a whole cigarette. Our outcome was the source of the last cigarette smoked (purchased vs. free) and independent variables included demographics, smoking behaviors, and smoking status of parents/siblings/friends. We conducted logistic regression to assess relationships between outcome and independent variables.

resultsEighty-four percent of youth obtained their last cigarette for free and 16% purchased their last cigarette. Youth who smoked less and had less weekly spending money were more likely to have obtained their last cigarette for free. DISCUSSION: Youth smokers appear to have a high propensity to obtain their cigarette for free, particularly those who smoke relatively infrequently. TRANSLATION TO HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICE: Interventions that target sources of free cigarettes have the potential to reduce the progression of youth smoking at a critical stage in its development.

Indexed as

accesscigarettescostsmokingyouth

Identifiers

PMID26500710
PMCPMC4613763
OpenAlexW2077774058

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.