ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2015
Crossing of the epithelial barriers by Bacillus anthracis: the Known and the Unknown.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthrax ET activates Rac1 and RTK signaling to induce F-actin reorganization and endothelial permeability.iScience · 2025Article
- Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Bacterial capsules: Occurrence, mechanism, and function.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Immunological Evidence of Variation in Exposure and Immune Response toFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Convergent evolution of diverse Bacillus anthracis outbreak strains toward altered surface oligosaccharides that modulate anthrax pathogenesis.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- C3 Opsonization of Anthrax Bacterium and Peptidoglycan Supports Recognition and Activation of Neutrophils.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs.Toxins · 2020Review
- Very Early Blood Diffusion of the Active Lethal and Edema Factors of Bacillus anthracis After Intranasal Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Influence of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system on toxin gene expression and virulence in Bacillus anthracis.Molecular microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Human lung ex vivo infection models.Cell and tissue research · 2017Review
- Modeling gastrointestinal anthrax disease.Research in microbiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, is initiated by the entry of spores into the host body. There are three types of human infection: cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal. For each form, B. anthracis spores need to cross the cutaneous, respiratory or digestive epithelial barriers, respectively, as a first obligate step to establish infection. Anthrax is a toxi-infection: an association of toxemia and rapidly spreading infection progressing to septicemia. The pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis mainly depends on two toxins and a capsule. The capsule protects bacilli from the immune system, thus promoting systemic dissemination. The toxins alter host cell signaling, thereby paralyzing the immune response of the host and perturbing the endocrine and endothelial systems. In this review, we will mainly focus on the events and mechanisms leading to crossing of the respiratory epithelial barrier, as the majority of studies have addressed inhalational infection. We will discuss the critical gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed to gain a comprehensive view of the initial steps of inhalational anthrax. We will then discuss the few data available on B. anthracis crossing the cutaneous and digestive epithelia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.