Trial reportJournal of veterinary internal medicine
The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet in Border Terriers with Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome.
Trial report in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presumptive paroxysmal dyskinesia in 41 dogs: is the diet change enough?Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic features of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Dachshund dogs: 62 cases (2017-2025).Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia: distribution of etiological subtypes and structural and reactive causes in a retrospective tertiary care cohort.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Grain-Free Diets for Dogs and Cats: An Updated Review Focusing on Nutritional Effects and Health Considerations.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia-a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Very-Low-Frequency Spike-Wave Complex Partial Motor Seizure Mimicking Canine Idiopathic Head Tremor Syndrome in a Dog.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Long-term nutritional management of an obese German Spitz with paroxysmal dyskinesia, calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and suspected pancreatitis-A case report.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Gluten serological testing in various dog breeds with paroxysmal dyskinesia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Dystonia in veterinary neurology.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Review
- Phenotypic characterisation of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Response to letter regarding "Utility of the combined use of 3 serologic markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic enteropathies in dogs".Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Levetiracetam-responsive paroxysmal exertional dyskinesia in a Welsh Terrier.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Phenotypic characterization of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Maltese dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- A multicenter randomized controlled trial of medium-chain triglyceride dietary supplementation on epilepsy in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2019Article
- Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (6): prevalence of noncutaneous manifestations of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- A cross-species approach to disorders affecting brain and behaviour.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2018Review
- Characterization of Paroxysmal Gluten-Sensitive Dyskinesia in Border Terriers Using Serological Markers.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2018Article
- The Gut Microbiome Feelings of the Brain: A Perspective for Non-Microbiologists.Microorganisms · 2017Review
- Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (4): can we diagnose adverse food reactions in dogs and cats with in vivo or in vitro tests?BMC veterinary research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCanine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS) is a paroxysmal movement disorder of Border Terriers (BTs). These dogs might respond to a gluten-free diet.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten-free diet in BTs with CECS. ANIMALS: Six client-owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS.
methodsDogs were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6-month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. Dogs were tested for anti-transglutaminase 2 (TG2 IgA) and anti-gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9 months after the introduction of a gluten-free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog.
resultsSerum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P = .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P = .018). After 9 months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten-free diet (5/5). One dog had persistently increased antibody titers. This dog scavenged horse manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten-free diet this dog also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet-associated improvement was reversible in 2 dogs on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re-introduction of gluten.
conclusionsCanine epileptoid cramping syndrome in BTs is a gluten-sensitive movement disorder triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten-free diet.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.